1. Section 3
Chapter 18

2. The Problems of Urbanization
Why drawn to cities in NE and MW?
Cities cheaper and more convenient; Ethnic neighborhood and cultural opportunities not found in rural areas
Fewer farm laborers needed b/c of new technology; believed jobs could be found in cities; cultural opportunities not found in rural area
Fewer farm laborers needed b/c of new technology; believe jobs could be found in cities; hope of less racial violence and political oppression than in the South; cultural opportunities not found in rural areas
Excitement found in cities too!
The People
Immigrants
Farmers
African Americans

3. Rapid Urbanization
1860  20% of America’s population in cities
1890  More than 33% of America’s population living in cities
Some U.S. cities now the size of London and Paris!

4. Growing Out and Up New technology to make it happen!
Elevated trains, and streetcars
Steel bridges (Brooklyn Bridge)
By 1900 30 story steel skyscrapers with electric elevators
Bulls eye pattern of cities
Wealthy
Middle class
Poor people

5. The Problems of Urbanization
Lack of housing and open areas of land
Lack of safe and efficient transportation
Unsafe drinking water
Lack of sanitation
Fire hazards
Crime
What was done in response to problem?
Construction of home that took up less space, such as apartment buildings, row houses, and dumbbell tenements
Construction of mass-transit networks, based on such new forms of transportation as cable cars, electric streetcars, and electric subways
Chlorination and filtration
Sewer lines and sanitation departments
Full-time professional fire departments, automatic fire sprinklers, buildings made of brick, stone, concrete
Full-time professional police departments

6. Do we know our terms and names?
urbanization
Growth of cities
tenements
Buildings divided into many tiny apartments
dumbbell tenements
Long, narrow, 5-6 story buildings that were shaped like barbells
settlement houses
Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children (esp. immigrants)
Jane Addams
Founder of Chicago’s Hull House (a settlement house) in 1889, she began solving neighborhood problems, became and anti-war activist, spokesperson for racial justice, advocate of quality of life issues, won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

7. Professional Sports During the Late 1800’s
Major League Baseball final standings
Major League Baseball final standings
Professional Sports During the Late 1800’s
#1 sport baseball!
First pro team  Cincinnati Red Stockings, 1869
By 1876 eight teams in the National League
Major League Baseball final standings 1876
Became the Cubs in 1876!

8. Albert Spalding – Star pitcher!
With his brother starts the Spalding sports company and markets the first official rules guide for baseball!
Also begins wearing a glove after the 1876 season to make it more popular and a better seller for his company.