Classifying and Naming Plants

Objectives Students will be able to: Describe plant taxonomy and classification Distinguish the major plant groups Explain plant nomenclature Describe how plants are classified by life cycle July 22, 2012Footer text here2

July 22, 2012Footer text here3 What is plant taxonomy and classification? ________________- the branch of biology that deals with identifying and naming organisms. It’s a way of taking inventory of the living resources _____________________________________________ Used to demonstrate the diversity of organisms, how they are related, and how they have evolved

What is plant taxonomy? Greek philosopher, Aristotle, is recorded having used taxonomy. July 22, 2012Footer text here4 1700s, Carl von Linne, of Sweden determined a classification system for minerals, plants, and animals

What is plant taxonomy? Kingdom ____________: Single-celled microscopic organisms lacking membrane-bound nuclei __________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here5 Kingdom Protista: Single-celled or simple multi-celled organisms _____

What is plant taxonomy? Kingdom Fungi: Organisms that lack plastids and photosynthetic pigments _______________________ _______________________ Decomposers July 22, 2012Footer text here6 Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular photosynthetic organisms with distinct developmental stages _______________________

What is plant taxonomy? Kingdom ______________: Multicellular organisms with advanced tissue differentiation and complex organ systems __________________________ ___________________ ________________________ Heterotrophs or consumers on earth fall into this kingdom July 22, 2012Footer text here7

Taxonomic Classification _______________________________ Organisms are place in an order or rank __________________________________________________ Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species July 22, 2012Footer text here8

Taxonomic Classification Classification is based on Morphology Which is the study of the internal and external appearance of an organism ________________________________________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here9

Taxonomic Classification _______________________________________ Species are composed of organisms with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups in a genus Species can pass distinct characteristics from one generation to another July 22, 2012Footer text here10

Taxonomic Classification Closely related organisms comprised of ______________________________. Plants with the same genus are more similar to one another than with plants of other genera ______________-share similarities are grouped in families July 22, 2012Footer text here11

Herbarium A collection of pressed, dried, and labeled plants __________________________________ Useful in educational settings for plant ____________________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here12

How do you put plants into groups? Bryophytes-plants classified in the Phylum Bryophyta _______________________ _____________________________________________ Examples: Mosses Liverworts July 22, 2012Footer text here13

How do you put plants into groups? All higher plants are in the Phylum Tracheophyta _____________________________ Ferns: vascular plants that reproduce by spores. Can be called the amphibians of the plant world ______________________________ Have no true leaves instead they have Fronds Fronds tend to unfold from the center of the plant The newest fronds are called “fiddlehead” July 22, 2012Footer text here14

How do you put plants into groups? Gymnosperms are plants that reproduce with seeds that lay naked on scales Reproduce using a structure called a “cone” __________________________ Conifer leaves are either needles or scales Evergreen-holding leaves year round _____________________________________ Larch and baldcypress July 22, 2012Footer text here15

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How do you put plants into groups? Angiosperms-flowering plants that produce seeds that develop into fruiting bodies _______________________ _______________ single cotyledon or seed leaf Cotyledon used for food storage in the form of starch Have flower parts in multiples of three, narrow leaves with parallel leaf venation, and stems with scattered vascular bundles. _______________________________________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here17

How do you put plants into groups? ________________ _______________________________________ Flower parts are in multiples of four or five, broad leaves with netted venation, and stems with vascular bundles organized in a ring pattern Alfalfa, oak, rose, cotton, and strawberry July 22, 2012 Footer text here 18

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What is plant nomenclature? Nomenclature: _______________________________________ Agricultural plants are referred to by common name Plants often have more than one common name ___________________________________________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here20

What is plant nomenclature? Scientific name _______________________ Consists of two names _______________________ The other is the species July 22, 2012Footer text here21

How are plants classified by life cycle? Refers to the time required for a seed to germinate and the seedling to grow vegetatively, flower, produce a viable seed Three categories ______________ July 22, 2012Footer text here22

How are plants classified by life cycle? Annuals: Plants that complete their growing cycles within one year or one growing season Annuals: Seeds of annuals germinate, produce leaves and roots, flower, produce seed, and then die __________________________________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here23

How are plants classified by life cycle? Summer annuals: ___________________________________ Summer annuals produce leaves, flowers, and seed before dying during the summer of fall _______________________________________ Corn, soybeans, rice, wheat, potatoes, tomatoes July 22, 2012Footer text here24

How are plants classified by life cycle? ___________________: Germinate in the fall The immature plant overwinters as a compact rosette Once it has received a period of cold treatment, it bolts _________________- is a process in which the stem of a plant rapidly elongates at the time of flowering Flowers then develop, seeds are set, and the plant dies _____________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here25

How are plants classifies by life cycles? _____________________ Usually requires two growing seasons to produce flowers and seed before dying First growing season they grow vegetatively ____________________________________________ Growth is resumed in the spring Plants bolt, flower, produce a seed, and die __________________ Hollyhock, Sweet William, parsley, beets, and carrots July 22, 2012Footer text here26

How are plants classified by life cycle? Perennials ____________________________________________ July 22, 2012Footer text here27