1. Classifying Plant Groups
4.1

2. Organization Plants Vascular Nonvascular Seedless Seed Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Ferns and related plants
Mosses and related plants

3. Learning Targets
I can understand plants are classified according to similar structures
I can explain the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants
I can compare and contrast seed plants and seedless plants
I can define angiosperm, gymnosperm, dicot and monocot

4. How are plants Classified?
Scientists have discovered over 300,000 different kinds of plants
About 1,000,000 plants may exist that have not been found and named
Scientists believe these plants live in the tropical rain forest

5. Classification
Plants are classified according to whether they have body parts such as seeds, tubes, roots, stems, and leaves
There are 3 main groups of plants:
Seed Plants
Ferns
Mosses

6. History of Classification
The Greek philosopher Aristotle first classified plants and animals
Carl Linnaeus then developed a classification system still in use today
All living things have a scientific name which consists of the genus and species

7. Vascular Plants Vascular means “vessel” or “tube”
Vascular plants have tube-like cells
Seed plants and ferns are examples of vascular plants

8. Vascular (cont.)
These tube-like cells form tissue called vascular tissue
The tissue forms tubes that transport food and water through the plant
Vascular plants have well-developed leave, stems, and roots

9. Vascular Tissue This tissue is important in two ways:
First, it allows food and water to be transported over a distance
Plants can grow where water is not always present
Second, vascular tissue is thick and provides support for the plant
This allows the plant to grow taller

10. Nonvascular Plants Nonvascular plants do not have tube-like cells
These plants are short and must have constant contact with water
They do not have tubes to transport water or support them
They do not have true leaves, stems, or roots
Mosses are nonvascular plants

11. Vocabulary Vascular Plant Nonvascular Plant
Self Check Questions, pg. 69
#1-5
COMPLETE SENTENCES

12. What are Seed Plants?
4.2

13. What are Seed Plants? Seed plants use seeds to reproduce
A seed is a plant part that contains a beginning plant and stored food
The beginning plant part is called an embryo
Seeds have a seed coat, which holds in moisture

14. Seed Plants (cont.)
When conditions are right, the embryo grows into a full-sized plant
Seed plants are the largest group of plants
They are divided into 2 sub groups: flowering and nonflowering plants

15. Angiosperms (Flowering)
Most species of plants are angiosperms
A capsule, or fruit, protects the seeds of angiosperms
The fruit forms from part of the flower
Angiosperms are divided into two groups:
Dicots
Monocots

16. Dicots Have 2 seed leaves (on the embryo)
Crisscross pattern of veins on leaves
Most flowering plants are dicots
Examples: fruits, vegetables, rose, sunflower

17. Monocots Have only one seed leaf Parallel pattern of veins on leaves
Mostly grasses, but some flowers
Examples: grass, corn, wheat, rice, lily, orchid

18. Gymnosperms (Nonflowering)
Do not produce flowers
Seeds are not surrounded by a fruit
Seeds are produced inside cones
Example: seeds of pine trees form on the scales of cones

19. Conifers The major group of gymnosperms Cone-bearing plants
Woody shrubs or trees
Main source of paper and wood products
Examples: pine, spruce, fir

20. Conifers (cont.) Most have green leaves all year long
They are called evergreens
Leaves are shaped like needles
Makes it easier to live in dry places and store water
Grow in places where other plants cannot grow (shallow, rocky soil and along coast)

21. Vocabulary Angiosperm Gymnosperm Embryo Conifer Seed Monocot Dicot
Self Check Questions, pg. 73 #1-5
COMPLETE SENTENCES

22. What are Seedless Plants?
4.3

23. Ferns (Vascular) Largest group of seedless plants
Well-developed leaves, stem, and roots
Mostly tropical plants
Leaves are called fronds (large and flat)
Fronds uncurl as they grow
Sori are clusters of reproductive cells(spores)found on the underside of fronds

24. Spores Spores are the reproductive cells of ferns and mosses
After they are released, spores must land in a moist place or they will dry out
Spores that drop in a moist place will have produce a tiny plant
The plant must have constant moisture to grow

25. Spores vs. Seeds
Spores must have moist landing and constant water source
Seeds have a seed coat to constantly deliver food and water
Seeds can survive longer than spores in dry conditions, which is why there are more seed plants in the world

26. Mosses (Non-Vascular)
Reproduce by spores
Simple leaf-like and stem-like parts
No vascular tissue to transport water and food, so they must live in moist, shady area (wet soil)
Have root-like threads called rhizoids
Mosses look like little trees and often form carpet-like mats on the forest floor

27. Vocabulary Frond Sori Spore Rhizoid Self Check questions pg. 78
COMPLETE SENTENCES