AGE OF JACKSON Ch. 7, Sect. 3 (HW is 7.4) OBJECTIVES: IDENTIFY the events and factors that contributed to Andrew Jackson’s rise to power. DESCRIBE Andrew Jackson’s political beliefs. EXAMINE how Jackson’s presidency expanded democracy and egalitarianism, but not to all Americans.

“THE CORRUPT BARGAIN” THE FACTS OF THE CASE:

“THE CORRUPT BARGAIN” THE FACTS OF THE CASE: 1.Election of Andrew Jackson wins popular vote 3.Jackson and John Quincy Adams tie for electoral vote 4.Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, to decide the tie 5.Clay meets with Adams privately 6. Clay gives Adams the Presidency 7. Adams makes Clay Secretary of State

THE CRIME: PLAINTIFF:DEFENSE JUDGEMENT:

Whose argument was most persuasive? Whose argument utilized the historical facts? How would you have “voted”? Were the American people “just” in their historical judgment?

The Administration of John Quincy Adams The undiplomatic diplomat, the apolitical politician First “minority president” Refused to remove officeholders or use patronage Urged nationalistic endeavors on Congress Increasingly out of step with growing sectionalism Viewed positively by history, not so in his day

Jackson wins in 1828 Democratic-Republicans (Jackson) divorces from Nationalistic-Republicans (Adams) “Shall the people rule?”- expansion of suffrage Jackson runs as a “reform” candidate Mudslinging, personal attacks on J.Q. Adams Jackson wins 178 to 83, wins West and South Shift of power, East to West, Elite to Common Man

The Jackson Administration Individualism, Opportunism, Versatility, Populism Orphaned & Uneducated Became Judge and Congressman for Tennessee “Old Hickory” to his troops 1 st President from West, 2 nd w/o College Degree Suspicious of Clay’s American System Frequently uses veto power, “King Andrew”

First Inaugural Address of Andrew Jackson WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1829 (Excerpt) The recent demonstration of public sentiment inscribes on the list of Executive duties, in characters too legible to be overlooked, the task of reform, which will require particularly the correction of those abuses that have brought the patronage of the Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of elections, and the counteraction of those causes which have disturbed the rightful course of appointment and have placed or continued power in unfaithful or incompetent hands. In the performance of a task thus generally delineated I shall endeavor to select men whose diligence and talents will insure in their respective stations able and faithful cooperation, depending for the advancement of the public service more on the integrity and zeal of the public officers than on their numbers.

“Spoils System” Large #’s of Jackson supporters rewarded with federal jobs, “rotation in office” Removes 10% of officeholders Party membership vs. Merit &Service Increased corruption: “Kitchen Cabinet,” Increased power of party machines

In your opinion, was Jackson himself was a man “of the people”? (HINT: look at “Key Player”) How did the Election 1824 shape Jackson’s political beliefs & his “spoils system?”

Removal of Native Americans Southeastern tribes: Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek and Chickasaw form the “Five Civilized tribes”. Develop formal govt., language, courts, and newspapers. Sequoya invents written language. Planters and Miners push for removal to get Indian lands Jackson passes Indian Removal Act of 1830 Cherokee resist removal and sue Georgia in Supreme Court, Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 and win their case. Pres. Jackson and later Pres. Van Buren ignore Court’s decision

Trail of Tears October – November Groups of 1,000 Cherokees at a time make the 800 mile journey to the Indian territories.

25% of the Cherokees die on the “Trail of Tears” of cold, disease, and starvation.

PBS VIDEO: “WE SHALL REMAIN”PBS VIDEO: “WE SHALL REMAIN”

What were the long and the short term impacts of Jackson’s presidency? SHORT TERM: LONG TERM:

How responsible are we for the actions of political leaders if we live in a democracy? Does it matter if we don’t vote? If we voted for someone else?