Global Connections Unit 6 Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution Faith and science clash (different philosophies) (truth over superstition and magic) In this “revolution” we find the origins of the modern world brought about by human inquiry Nature to be explored in its own right not as evidence of God’s creative powers
A new way of thinking Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Suggests experimentation to learn about the natural world Inductive not deductive reasoning Father of modern Empiricism and the scientific method Rene Descartes (1596-1650) “I think therefore I am” Rationalism: human reason as the source of knowledge
The changing view of the universe The old view: (4th Cen. BC): Science as a branch of theology (humans at center etc..) Geocentrism: Aristotle came up with it and Ptolemy figured out rules to explain planetary motion 10 separate crystals with planets embedded in them moved around the earth Angels moved the spheres in perfect circles
Geocentrism
Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish cleric First to challenge Geocentrism in his book “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” (published after his death) Only challenged the Geocentric idea but his work led to more questions being asked
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Assistant of Brahe (Math genius) Used Brahe’s data to develop three laws of planetary motion Ellipses not circles Planets vary their speeds during their orbits based on distance from sun Time of orbit is based on distance from sun
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) 1609 developed the 1st telescope 1632 published “Dialogues on the 2 great systems of the Universe” Conflict with Pope Urban VIII 1633 ordered to repudiate his views Also did work in physics (acceleration of falling bodies)
Galileo and the Inquisition
Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics",the "father of science", and "the Father of Modern Science." The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, taught in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of kinematics. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, named the Galilean moons in his honour, and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, improving compass design
Newton’s synthesis (1642-1727) Author of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” Universal Gravitation: Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity Inertia: Objects in motion remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force…
The study of living things Andreas Vesalius: “The father of modern anatomy” William Harvey: Circulation of blood