1. THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS The Scientific Revolution
The American Revolution
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution

2. What was the Scientific Revolution?
Time period when scientists began to base the study of the world on observable fact rather than on beliefs and superstitions
Also known as the Enlightenment

3. Where and when was the Scientific Revolution?
The Scientific Revolution occurred in Europe from the 1500s to the 1700s.

4. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
Nicholas Copernicus ( ): Polish astronomer, mathematician, physician, scholar, governor, diplomat, economist, soldier
Responsible for the heliocentric theory, which states that the sun (not the earth) is the center of the universe

5. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
Andreas Vesalius ( ): Belgian anatomist
Founder of modern human anatomy
Author of 1st modern human anatomy text, “On the Workings of the Human Body”

6. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
Galileo Galilei ( ): Italian physicist, astronomer, philosopher
Improved the telescope & was the 1st to use it to observe the sky
Used it to discover Jupiter’s moons in 1610

7. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
Johann Kepler ( ): German mathematician, astronomer
Best known for his laws of planetary motion (ex: the planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits)

8. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
William Harvey ( ): English doctor who proved the heart circulated the blood within the body

9. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
Rene Descartes ( ): French philosopher, mathematician, scientist
“Founder of Modern Philosophy” & “Father of Modern Mathematics”
“I think, therefore I am”

10. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
Antony von Leeuwenhoek ( ): Dutch scientist who invented 1st microscope
1st to observe & describe single cell organisms
“Father of Microbiology”

11. Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
Isaac Newton ( ): English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, philosopher
Proved the laws of gravity
One of the most important scientists in history

12. How did the Scientific Revolution impact Europe?
Led to many new inventions (which will lead to further discoveries as they are improved)
Many schools & universities will open throughout Europe

13. How did the American Revolution affect Europe?
The American Revolution will be an indirect cause of the French Revolution.
The French people, who feel they are being mistreated under a tyrannical king, will see the American colonists rebel against and defeat English King George III, and it will be a great influence on them to start their own revolution.