1. The Scientific Revolution
Chapter 14 Section 5
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2. Changing Views of the Universe (mid-1500s)
The Big Picture: a new way of thinking based on experimentation and observation changed the way Europeans looked at the world.
Changing Views of the Universe (mid-1500s)
Nicolaus Copernicus – heliocentric model of the universe
Tycho Brahe provided evidence to support heliocentric model
Johannes Kepler used Brahe’s data to calculate orbits of the planets revolving around the sun that supported the heliocentric model
Galileo Galilei – built an astronomical telescope
Observations prove Copernicus’ heliocentric model
1633 tried by the Inquisition
Threatened with death unless he withdrew his “heresies”
Agreed to publicly state the Earth stood motionless

3. New Scientific Method (early 1600s)
Step – by – Step Process
1. State the problem.
2. Collect information about the problem.
7. Repeat steps 1-6.
3. Form a hypothesis, or educated guess.
6. State a conclusion.
4. Experiment to test the hypothesis.
5. Record and analyze data.
Scientific method was based on a new way of thinking. It is still used today

4. Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes
Truth is not known at the beginning of inquiry but at the end after a long process of investigation
Bacon – observation and experimentation
Descartes - human reasoning leads to understanding; “I think, therefore I am.”
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes

5. Isaac Newton
Used mathematics to show that a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun: gravity
1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
explained law of gravity
helped develop calculus