Reconstruction 1865-1877 12 years after the Civil War when former Confederate States were brought back to the United States.

New Amendments Amendment: change to the Constitution 13th Amendment: Bans slavery in the United States and any of its territories

New Amendments Amendment: changes to the Constitution 14th Amendment: Grants citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. and guarantees them equal protection under the law 15th Amendment: Ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race or color or previous condition of servitude Radical Republicans believed the South should be forced with an army to ratify the 14th and 15th amendments

Reconstruction Policies: Policies were harsh and created problems in the South Reconstruction attempted to give rights and freedom to freedmen

Reconstruction Policies Southern military leaders could not hold office African Americans could hold public office Northern soldiers supervised the South Military Reconstruction Act: divided the South into military districts. Northern soldiers were sent to enforce reconstruction polices.

Freedmen’s Bureau: Created during Reconstruction The country’s 1st federal relief agency Established to aid former enslaved African Americans from the South Gave out meals, medical supplies, and clothing Set up schools for African Americans Educated more than 250,000

Freedom Civil Rights Act of 1866: African Americans gained equal rights Authorized the use of federal troops for its enforcement

Carpetbaggers Northerners who moved to post war South to profit from the South Name was given because of cheap suitcase made of carpet Southern resented Northern “carpetbaggers” who took advantage of South during reconstruction

Scalawags White Southern Republicans To be a southern republican was seen as being a traitor to the South

Black Codes As freedmen gained their freedom and some rights, Southern states started Black Codes to restrict black rights Black Codes limited the economic and physical freedoms of former slaves Curfews (could not go out after sunset) Vagrancy (those convicted of not working were fined for years work) Land restrictions (could only rent homes in rural areas)

Limited freedmen’s economic freedom Sharecropping A farming system where white planters rented individual pieces of land to freedmen in return for a large portion of crops Limited freedmen’s economic freedom