Opposing Forces

  Eastern Theater  Union Army - Originally organized as the Army of Northeast Virginia under Gen. Irwin McDowell  Confederate Army – Originally organized as the Confederate Army of the Potomac under the command of P.G.T. Beauregard  Western Theater  Union - Department of Kansas, Department of Missouri, Department of the Ohio (3 separate Gen.)  Confederate – General Albert Sydney Johnston Different Theaters

 Eastern Theater

 Western Theater

  Union would eventually be reorganized under the leadership of George B. McClellan as the Army of the Potomac  Confederate’s would eventually be reorganized under the leadership of Robert E. Lee as the Army of Northern Virginia Renaming the Armies (1862)

  Regiment – volunteers are assigned to a regiment  Company – 10 company’s make a regiment  1 Captain & 2 Lieutenants command a company  Companies are organized with men from the same town or county and usually elected their officers  Volunteers initially signed up for 3 month enlistments (called 90 day men) but would eventually be mustered into the army for up to 3 years or more.  By 1863 PA had provided over 170 infantry regiments  What does the initial 90 enlistment (on both sides) say about leadership’s idea of what the war would be like? Organization

  State raised, fed, and equipped troops until they were formed and ready to be turned over to the federal government for service  Emergency Militia  Andrew Curtin, PA Governor called up the state militia to defend Harrisburg and Philadelphia against attack during Lee’s Gettysburg Campaign, but these troops were not a part of the regular army. Organization

  Infantry  Company – 100 officers and men commanded by a captain  Regiment – Composed of 10 companies commanded by a colonel  Brigade – Composed of 4 to 6 regiments commanded by a general  Division – Composed of 3-5 brigades commanded by a general  Corps – Composed of 3 divisions commanded by a general  Army – Composed of several corps, commanded by a general Infantry

  Regiments divided into companies called “batteries”  Artillery Battery:  100 soldiers, 6 cannons per battery  Drivers – rode horses that pulled cannon, caissons, and wagons  Gunners – assigned to work the cannon and maintain the cannon and gun carriages  Approx. 6 soldiers assigned to repair parts, tools, and blacksmith the horses  As many as 3 officers needed to direct the battery while in action  As many as 90 horses to pull guns, caissons, wagons  Confederate artillery had less guns per battery and used less horses per battery – WHY? Artillery

  Regiment organized into 3 battalions  Each battalion organized into 4 companies sometimes called “troops”  Cavalry was EXPENSIVE because it had to provide not only for the soldier, but soldiers carried items for their mount such as the following:  comb, canvass water bucket, grain bag, etc.  Confederate soldiers usually provided their own horses Cavalry

  All 3 branches combined to make an “army”  In addition, the army had the following units  Quartermaster  Engineer  Signal Units  Teamsters  Armies on the march were followed by miles and miles of wagons called trains, carrying medical supplies, food, and ammunition The Army

 Union vs. Confederate Soldiers