1. America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 11
The Civil War, (1861–1865) Part 1

2. Chapter 11: The Civil War (1861–1865), Part 1
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 11: The Civil War (1861–1865), Part 1
Section 1: From Bull Run to Antietam
2nd Manassas

3. From Bull Run to Antietam
CH 11.1

4. War in the East: The Northern Commanders
President: Abraham Lincoln
Generals:
Army of Virginia
1861: Irwin McDowell
1862: John Pope
Army of the Potomac
: George B. McClellan
: Ambrose Burnside
1863: Joseph Hooker
: George G. Meade
: Ulysses S. Grant
CH 11.1

5. War in the East: The Southern Commanders
CH 11.1
The South
President: Jefferson Davis
Generals:
Army of the Potomac:
: Joseph E. Johnston
Army of Northern Virginia:
: Robert E. Lee

6. Preparing for War: Strengths of the North & the South
Northern Advantages
More railroads
More factories
Better balance between farming and industry
More money
A functioning government, an army, and a navy
Two thirds of the nation’s population
Southern Advantages
Leadership: Most of the nation’s military colleges were in the South; most officers sided with the Confederacy.
Military tactics: Because the South was defending its borders, its army needed only to repel Northern advances rather than initiate military action.
Morale: Many Southerners were eager to fight to preserve their way of life and their right to self- government.
There were 35 Northern States and Southern States. In Industrial production, the State of New York alone produced 13 times more manufactured goods than the entire Southern States combined.
CH 11.1

7. Weapons of the Civil War, Infantry
Springfield Musket, USA
Enfield Musket, CSA
Henry Repeating Rifle

8. Weapons of the Civil War, Artillery

9. Weapons of the Civil War, Cavalry

10. Weapons of the Civil War, New Technology

11. The First Battle of Bull Run
CH 11.1
The first major battle of the Civil War ended in a victory for the Confederacy.
It became known as the First Battle of Bull Run (and 1st Manassas to the South) because the following year a battle occurred at almost exactly the same site. Both battles ended in major defeats & routs for the North.
Approximately 35,000 troops were involved on each side.
Union casualties, the military term for those killed, wounded, captured, or missing in action: 2,896
Confederate casualties: 1, The battle is a very small one by later standards.
Significance of this battle is that it lets people know that this war will not be a short affair.
Jackson earns the sobriquet…
“Stonewall”

12. NORTH: 1st Bull Run SOUTH: 1st Manassas
Army of the Potomac
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston
12,000 men
Reinforcements by Railroad
Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard
22,000 men
Won the Battle
Killed
Wounded ,582
Missing
The Army of Virginia
General Irwin McDowell
35,000 men
Lost the Battle (panicked & ran)
Killed - 460
Wounded - 1,124
Missing ,312
CH 11.1

13. Preparing for War: Military Strategies
Naval blockade of all seceded states.
Gain control of the Mississippi River.
Cut the Confederacy in two, along the Mississippi River. (Scott’s Anaconda Plan)
Union Military Strategies
Survive. Repel Northern attacks.
Gain British or French recognition.
Fight a defensive war of attrition.
Confederate War Strategies
Outdated muskets replaced with rifles.
Improved Artillery: shells and canister
1st wartime use of railroads
1st wartime use of the telegraph
1st wartime use of Iron warships
1st wartime use of submarines
1st wartime use of aerial observation
Tactics & Technology
CH 11.1

14. The Battle of Seven Pines
Union General McClellan took some 100,000 troops by boat to attack Richmond. They landed southeast of Richmond near Yorktown.
The Union troops faced 15,000 Confederates.
The Confederate forces retreated toward Richmond.
As McClellan’s army neared the capital, Southern General Johnston turned and attacked.
The North claimed victory, but General Lee replaced the wounded General Johnston. Lee attacked in the Seven Days Campaign & the Yankees retreated.
CH 11.1

15. The Seven Days, 25 June – 1 July 1862

16. Stonewall in the Valley

17. The South Invades the North at Antietam
McClellan was defeated by Lee during The Seven Days Battles, as Jackson cleared the Valley.
Pope was defeated by Lee at Cedar Mountain and 2nd Bull Run.
Lee and Davis decided the Confederates would invade the North.
The Yankees learned of General Lee’s strategy.
On September 17, 1862, the two armies met at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland.
McClellan had more than 75,000 troops, with nearly 25,000 more in reserve. Lee’s forces numbered about 40,000.
By the day’s end, Union casualties numbered more than 12, Confederate casualties were nearly 14,000, more than 33% of the entire army.
The Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest day in U.S. History.
After waiting to be attacked for all of one day, Lee retreated into Virginia.
CH 11.1

18. The Battle of Antietam, 17 September 1862
CH 11.1

19. War in the East at Sea CSS Virginia USS Monitor &
CH 11.1
USS Monitor &
CSS Virginia
March 9, 1862, the ironclad ships met off the Virginia coast.
Neither ship was able to do serious damage to the other.
These iron ships made the wooden navies of the world obsolete.

20. USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia
Duel of the Ironclads
USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia
CH 11.1

21. The End

22. Today’s Questions 11.1
What was the significance of the First Battle of Bull Run?
How did the North and the South prepare for war?
Why were the battles in the West important?
What was the outcome of each of the battles in the East in 1862?

24. Civil War Cavalry In Action

25. Civil War Cavalry In Action, 2

26. Civil War Cavalry In Action, 3
Sheridan’s Charge at Winchester

27. 1st Bull Run
Yankee “Zouaves”

28. Stonewall in the Valley, 2
The Prince and the Professor

29. Antietam

30. Antietam, 2

31. Battery Fire at Dunker Church, Antietam, 3

32. The Irish Brigade at Antietam, 4