1. “Every man must be for the United States or against it
“Every man must be for the United States or against it. There can be no neutrals in this war – only patriots and traitors.”
- Stephen A. Douglas

2. The Union Dissolves
March 4, 1861 – Lincoln takes oath of office...7 states gone
May 20, 1861 – 4 more states seceded…maybe more
So far, no war and no blood was shed…yet

3. Fort Sumter Charleston, S.C.
Within easy range of cannon from the shore
C.O. - Maj. Robert Anderson
Lincoln refused to send reinforcements, only supplies

4. Fort Sumter cont.
April 12, 1861 – Confederate Commander General P.G.T. Beauregard orders assault
After 34 hours of bombardment Maj. Anderson surrenders
Zero deaths occurred during the shelling

5. The North’s Reaction Before Sumter, many northerner’s said “peace out”
William Lloyd Garrison was pleased…didn’t want slave states in Union
Copperheads
Wanted to concentrate on turning the U.S. into a worldwide industry

6. After Fort Sumter…
The North was outraged!

7. More States Secede April 15 – Lincoln asks for Army volunteers
April 17 – Virginia secedes…volunteers are an act of war
Followed by Arkansas, Tennessee, & North Carolina
West Virginia splits and becomes part of the Union June 20, 1863

8. The Border States Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, & Deleware
All Slaves states
All remained loyal to the Union
North had 4 million men of fighting age
South had 1.5 million
They chose not to arm their 3.5 million slaves

9. Strategy North: South: Had more people, soldiers, railroads
Produced 4/5 of industrial goods
South:
Only had to defend home turf
Better military leadership
More used to handling guns & horses
Southern leaders thought G.B. would help

10. 1st Battle of Bull Run Virginia – July 1861
30,000 inexperienced Union soldiers
This battle was a show!
Union was winning until noon, when Thomas J. Jackson arrived w/ reinforcements
The Union troops retreated to D.C. for safety

11. Questions?