Warm up 9/23 & Lab Turn in* Identify the following symbols & identify whether they are Elements (E) or Compounds (C).  N  H 2 O  Na  K  H 2 SO 4  HCl  Cl  NaCl 2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End Write the equation: H 2 O+ H +  H 3 O + What are the products and what are the reactants? *Staple pages sheets of graph paper and put in basket in the front of the classroom.

Chemistry cont. Chemical Reactions (rxn) EX. NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H 2 O  reactants : left side  products : right side  Exergonic/exothermic: release energy like heat, explosion, light etc. – feels warm  endergonic/endothermic: requires energy to occur and takes it from the environment- feel cold

Activation Energy energy needed to start a rxn

NEED TO MEMORIZE THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS FOR YOUR QUIZ AND TEST! ELEMENTS  H: hydrogen  O: oxygen  N: nitrogen  C: carbon  Na: sodium  Cl: chlorine  K: potassium  S: sulfur COMPOUNDS H 2 O: water NaCl: sodium chloride/salt H 2 SO 4 : sulfuric acid HCl: hydrochloric acid NaOH: sodium hydroxide CO 2 : carbon dioxide O 2 : oxygen gas

ACIDS, BASES, AND pH

Water Polar (covalent) compound  Water has a positive (+) and negative (-) “pole”  (+) is due to H and (-) is O acts like a magnet with + attracted to – acts like a magnet with + attracted to – pulls apart molecules like NaCl (ionic bond) pulls apart molecules like NaCl (ionic bond)

Water Bonding  covalent bonds hold H 2 O together  hydrogen bonds hold molecules of H 2 O  Covalent > Hydrogen

Acids and BasesAcids and Bases  H 2 O = water  H + = hydrogen ion  OH - = hydroxide ion

Acids and BasesAcids and Bases  H 2 O  H + + OH -  H + reacts with H 2 O H 2 O + H +  H 3 O + ( hydronium )  H 3 O + more commonly written as H +

Warm up 9-25Warm up 9-25 Define the following terms  H 2 SO 4  CO 2  K  S  H 3 O +  Describe 2 properties of water’s bonding.  Name 3 properties of an acid?

Acids  Acids : H + > OH-  pH less than 7  Acid Properties : tastes sour, highly corrosive EX. HCl, H 2 SO 4

Bases  Bases : OH - > H +  pH more than 7  Base Properties: tastes bitter, feel slimy, caustic EX. NaOH, Mg(OH) 2

pH p ower of H ydronium  measures acidity (from 0-14) and how much H 3 O + /H + is present. The closer to 0, the more the H 3 O + /H + 0 up to 7 = acid 7 = neutral over 7 = base/alkaline  Can use indicators to tell the pH ( phenol red, pH paper, litmus, BTB)

Intervention 2:40 pm Friday: 6:50 am  This year biology is offering intervention to insure success for all students.  Before each exam students will have the opportunity to attend a targeted study review session.  To be credited with intervention students must attend one 45 min intervention session and complete all corresponding work.  Students will have two opportunities to complete intervention.  Intervention will be offered once before school and once after school the week of the exams. Specific Dates will be posted on teacher website.  Completion of intervention will earn students a 5% test score increase to a maximum of 75% on the test.  At any time during the semester if student’s class average falls below 70% he or she is expected to attend intervention until grade improves.

RAFT ProjectRAFT Project  Role, Audience, Format, Topic  Due Friday Oct. 4 th at the beginning of class.  Worth a lot of points