Chapter 20 RUSSIA

QUICK FACTS --RUSSIA LARGEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD BY LAND AREA STRETCHES ACROSS 11 TIME ZONES LAKE BAIKAL--WORLDS DEEPEST LAKE 8 DIFFERENT CLIMATES IN RUSSIA CAPITAL CITY IS MOSCOW

CHAP 20. RUSSIA-- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS –HIGHEST MOUNTAIN RANGE –BETWEEN THE BLACK AND CASPIAN SEAS –LOCATED ALONG SOUTH AND EASTERN BORDERS

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RUSSIA PLAINS –LOCATED IN LAND WEST OF YENSEI RIVER. –MOST GRAIN PRODUCTION OCCURS HERE URAL MOUNTAINS –STRETCHES FROM NORTH TO SOUTH –LOW MOUNTAINS THAT DIVIDE EUROPE –CONTAINS VALUABLE MINERALS –MOST OF PEOPLE LIVE WEST OF THESE MOUNTAINS RIVERS –RUSSIA HAS MANY RIVERS THAT EMPTY INTO THE SEAS –VOLGA RIVER IS LONGEST RIVER --MAIN WATERWAY FOR TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION

ECO-SYSTEMS OF RUSSIA CLIMATES ARE EITHER CONTINENTAL OR SUB ARCTIC CLIMATES. CONTINENTAL CLIMATE –LOCATED IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN RUSSIA –SHORT SUMMMERS WITH TEMPS. IN THE 80”S SUBARCTIC CLIMATE –LOCATED IN THE NORTH –CAN HAVE TEMPERATURES NEAR 80 DEGREES

ECOSYSTEMS OF RUSSIA TUNDRA –FROZEN LAND OR NORTH –LOWEST RECORDED TEMP. -97 DEGREES –PERMAFROST--FROZEN SOIL OF THIS REGION TAIGA –WORLDS LARGEST FORESTED AREA –DECIDUOUS AND CONIFEROUS TREES

ECO-SYSTEMS OF RUSSIA THE STEPPES FORMERLY GRASSLANDS LOCATED IN THE SOUTH/ SOUTHEAST GREATEST AGRICULTURAL AREA MINERAL RICH SOILS CALLED “CHERNOZEM”.

ECO SYSTEMS--SIBERIA PICTURED AS A REMOTE AND HARSH AREA-- ISOLATED FROM THE REST OF EUROPE! COOL TO COLD AREA WITH PERMAFROST. LITTLE AGRICULTURE. LARGE NUMBERS OF NATURAL RESOURCES.(OIL, NATURAL GAS, ZINC, GOLD, SILVER, PLATINUM) CLIMATE MAKES IT DIFFICULT AND EXPENSIVE TO TO GET TO THESE RESOURCES

CHAPTER 20 SECTION 2--RUSSIAN HISTORY Initially settled by “Slavic People”.-800 A.D. Conquered by the Vikings, then ruled by Russian Princes. Adopted the Russian Orthodox Church. Conquered and controlled by the “Mongols” or (Tatars, Golden Horde) in Russian Princes fought to win back land. Russian princes called “czars” began to rule in the 1600’s. Repelled invasion led by French Emperor Napoleon in 1800’s

RUSSIAN HISTORY Russia in the 1900’s –Lose battles in WW I –Food shortages led to riots in St. Petersburg –Czar forced to give up control--”abdicate” – Russian Revolution leads to Communism –Follow the teachings of Karl Marx –Establish “republics” ruled by a governing council called the “soviet” –First two “dictators” of the Soviet Union were: V.I. Lenin and Josef Stalin –Establish an economy run by the government--Command Economy

RUSSIAN HISTORY People who protested communism sent to the Siberian Labor camps or jail. All farmland controlled by government--huge state farms called collectives. (peasant run farms) Industry controlled by government. All farms and industry had specific amounts they were to produce--5 Year Plans.

RUSSIAN HISTORY Russia fought against Germany in WW II. When war ended, Soviet Union controlled East Germany and Eastern Europe. Led to a period of conflict between U.S. and Soviet Union called --”COLD WAR”! NO ACTUAL BATTLES WERE FOUGHT BUT BOTH COUNTRIES STOCKPILED NUCLEAR WEAPONS!

COMMUNISM COMES TO AN END IN RUSSIA 1980’S Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev established “GLASNOST”. PERESTROIKA established in RUSSIA in 1980’s. BALTIC REPUBLICS declare independence Free Elections are held in 1991 BORIS YELTSIN elected as President of Russian Republic. Gorbachev resigns, states the “SOVIET UNION is no more!”

RUSSIA UNDER VLADIMIR PUTIN ELECTED PRESIDENT IN 2000 TOOK AWAY SOME DEMOCRATIC REFORMS WORKED TO TAKE BACK CHECHNYA AND COMBAT TERRORISM RUSSIA BECOMING MORE ACTIVE IN WORLD AFFAIRS. (MIDDLE EAST)

CHAP. 20 SECTION 3. ISSUES IN RUSSIA 80% OF PEOPLE CONSIDER THEMSELVES AS “RUSSIANS” 20% ARE ETHNIC MINORITIES 75% OF PEOPLE LIVE IN LARGE CITIES –RUSSIA HAS BUILT LARGE APARTMENT COMPLEXES FOR THE PEOPLE –MANY RUSSIANS TRAVEL TO BALCK SEA FOR VACATIONS –RELAXED RULES LEAD TO MORE CHANCES FOR “WESTERN MUSIC, ART,DRESS

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ETHNIC TURMOIL REBELLION IN THE PROVINCE OF CHECHNYA LARGE MUSLIM POPULATION AGAINST RUSSIAN RULE SINCE 1944 RUSSIA REFUSES TO GIVE UP ON CHECHNYA BECAUSE OF RAILROADS AND OIL PIPELINES FIGHTING SINCE CHECHEN TERRORIST ATTACKS IN MOSCOW!

TRANSPORTATION IN RUSSIA 3/4 OF RAW MATERIALS COME FROM SIBERIA. Tc&playnext=1&list=PLB68C63979B7F7369http:// Tc&playnext=1&list=PLB68C63979B7F7369 TRUCKERS CAN TRANSPORT GOODS OVER FROZEN LAKES

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS APRIL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT CHERNOBYL DANGEROUS RADIATION KILLED THOUSANDS zYghttp:// zYg CAUSED BIRTH DEFECTS AND INCREASE IN CANCER DEATHS