1. Russia

2. Czar an Czarina Basilius Church Peter the Great Built St. Petersburg
Build military
Westernize Russia
Catherine the Great
Expanded further west into Poland and the current Ukraine.

3. 4 Factors that led to Communism
a. Poor conditions
b. Some education had entered the farms - New Idea
c. Loses in war / Especially WWI – just threw large numbers of people against the Germans – More people than guns. Millions died in the first few years
d. Food Shortages- People fighting instead of growing. – at time could not rely on foreign markets

4. February 1917 – Bolshevik Revolution
German Philosopher
Karl Marx
Private Property
published The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital,

5. Cold War- 1945- 1984? Afghanistan
Period of heighten tension between Superpowers US and the Democratic countries vs Communism ?
Created by the advancement of Nukes, tanks, planes, Space Wars
More of a war of threats than actual action / Thank God

6. Fall of communism
Failed Economy – Back to the days before the revolution – lost wars/ food lines
Corrupt officials more concerned with appearances than realities
Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan

7. Fall of Communism
Glasnost -the declared public policy within the Soviet Union of openly and frankly discussing economic and political realities: initiated under Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985.
Perestroika - the program of economic and political reform in the Soviet Union initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986.

8. Economy today
Market – businesses are owned privately, not by the state
Petroleum in Siberia, though there is concern about environmental effects drilling for oil in the Arctic
due to climate change (global warming) higher temperatures in northern latitudes are visible in Siberia

9. Russia Ural and Caucasus Mountains are 2 mountain ranges
Urals form a border between European Russia and Siberian Russia
Highest point in Caucasus is Mount Elbrus (highest mountain in Russia and Europe)

10. Russia Location - Northern European Plain to West of Ural Mountains
Chernozum – black soil supports agriculture
Ukraine is 2nd largest country in Europe occupies the Russian Plain

11. Russia - Water
Volga River – one of the world’s greatest rivers (longest in Europe), drains into Caspian Sea pg. 338 textbook
Lake Baikal (Siberian Lake) oldest lake in the world and the deepest at 5725 feet (picture above)

12. Russia - Climate Tundra is farthest north covers 10% Russia permafrost
South of tundra lies subarctic zone - 4 months temp above 50 degrees, cold
Multitude – mild winters and warm summers where most Russians live and agriculture takes place

13. Russia – Natural Resources
1/5 world’s forests
Siberia holds petroleum, coal
Natural gas
Leads world in nickel production
petroleum

14. Facts
The world’s first satellite, named Sputnik, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.
The official residence of the Russian president is the Kremlin in Moscow. The name Kremlin means fortress.

15. Government 3 branches
Russia is a federation of 86 republics, provinces, territories, and districts, all controlled by the government in Moscow. The head of state is a president elected by the people.
Vladimir Putin – President

16. Russian Federation
There are about 120 ethnic groups in Russia who speak more than a hundred languages. Roughly 80 percent of Russians trace their ancestry to the Slavs who settled in the country 1,500 years ago. Other major groups include Tatars, who came with the Mongol invaders, and Ukrainians.

17. Russia
Russia's history as a democracy is short. The country's first election, in 1917, was quickly reversed by the Bolsheviks, and it wasn't until the 1991 election of Boris Yeltsin that democracy took hold.

18. Red Square
Red Square, which separated the fortified citadel from the city at large. The square area has served as a marketplace, festival ground, gathering place and, during the Soviet era, a parade ground for displaying the might of a military superpower.

19. St. Basil’s Cathedral
St. Basil's Cathedral, considered a masterpiece of Orthodox art, overlooks Moscow's famous Red Square.
Russification – 19th century Russian to have everyone in empire speak Russian and become Christian

20. Siberia --> Permafrost
Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C
150,000,000 population.
A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

21. Lake Baikal, Siberia The oldest and deepest lake in the world.
20% of the world’s total unfrozen water supply.

22. Trans-Siberian Railroad
Completed in 1905.