1. Physical Geography of Russia
Chapter 15
Physical Geography
of Russia

2. Land Forms and Resources
Section 1
Land Forms and Resources

4. Russia and the Republics occupy a large territory
Is 3 times the size of the
United States

6. Region sprawls across two continents
Europe
Asia

8. Region sprawls across two continents
Cross 11 time zone throughout Europe and Asia

10. CHERNOZEM Black top soil – one of the world’s most fertile region
See page 345

13. What % of the regions 290 million people live on this plain
75 %
Or 217 million people live on the plains

16. Three largest cities on the plains
Moscow, Russia
St. Petersburg, Russia
Kiev, Ukraine

22. Ural Mountains Separate the Northern European and West Siberian plains
Divides Europe and Asia

24. Eurasia
Combined continents of Europe and Asia

26. Caucasus Mountains (kaw-kuh-suhs)
Stretch across the land that separates the Black and Caspian Sea

29. Transcaucasia Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
located – between Caucasus Mts. and borders of Turkey and Iran

31. Central Asia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan

33. SIBERIA
Region in central and eastern Russia, from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific
Known for mineral resources
Russian government used this region as a political exile site

36. Climate and Vegetation
Section 2
Climate and Vegetation

37. CONTINENTALITY
Russia and the Republics enormous size has a major effect on its climate
Russia's climate increases as one travels east, with average temperature differences between the warmest (July) and coldest (January) ...

38. TAIGA (Tahy-guh)
Largest forest in the world Continuous belt of evergreen forests across the Northern Hemisphere North America and Eurasia

41. PROBLEM OF RUNOFF
Rainfall not absorbed by soil, which can carry pesticides and fertilizers from fields to rivers which can endanger the food chain

42. TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD
Railroad that links Moscow (on the west) to the port of Vladivostok (on the east)
Runs 6,000 miles across bitter cold, undeveloped region

43. REASONS RAILROAD IS BUILT
Speed up travel
Populate the region
Develop resources

45. TIME ZONES 24 time zones in the world 360 degrees
15 degrees in each time zone

46. INTERNATIONAL DATELINE
Marks where a new calendar day begins

49. Chapter 16
A Diverse Heritage

50. Russia and the Western Republics
Section 1
Russia and the Western Republics

51. BALTIC REPUBLIC Countries of Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
Located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea

52. Russian Empire develops
Vikings settle between the Baltic and Black Sea
Mixed with the Slavs

55. Role of the Czar in Russian History
Czar was the ruler of Russia before the Russian Revolution in 1917
Helped modernized Russia from 1682 to 1725
Peter the Great attempted to modernize Russia

56. Peter the Great

59. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Revolt in 1917 – Communist government of Lenin took control of the government from the Czar.

61. Lenin

63. USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
Formed in 1922 by the Communist government
Dissolved in 1991

64. COLD WAR Conflict between the USSR and the US after World War II
Nuclear power conflict
Called a cold war because it never escalated into an open warfare

67. COMMAND ECONOMY Plan under the Communist government in the USSR
Government controlled the production of goods and services (complete opposite of the US)

69. Market Economy (U.S. economy today)
A market economy is economy based on the division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand.[1]

70. COLLECTIVE FARM Used by the USSR under Stalin
A large labor force that worked together on enormous farms in the USSR

72. 3 Republics of Transcaucasia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia

74. Conflict in Transcaucasia
Ethnic conflicts in the region
Ethnicity is what ties you to your race or culture. It is your background and has a strong influence in the things you do. Ethnic groups are large and vary from location to location.

75. Soviet military takes control of Transcaucasian in modern times
Red Army (former USSR)

77. SUPRA Georgian (Russian) term for dinner party
Many foods, toasts, and short speeches

78. SILK ROAD 4000 mile route – between China and Mediterranean Sea
Named for the expensive silk that travel from China to the west
Road spread ideas, technology, and religion

81. NOMAD A person with no permanent home Moves from place to place
In search of food, water, and grazing land

84. YURT
Tent that was used by central Asia’s nomads

86. Chapter 17
Russia and the Republics

87. CHECHNYA
A republic that remains apart of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union despite independence movements and violence

89. WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHECHNYA
Chechens (people from Chechnya) want independence

91. WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GEORGIA
Georgia wanted their independence (after 1991)
Resulted in thousands of deaths and refugee problems

93. PRIVATIZATION Going from a Command Economy to a Market Economy
Selling of government owned businesses to private citizens
Took place after 1991

96. RUSSIANS LIVING IN POVERTY
After 1991 – 40% of the people lived below the poverty line

98. DIFFICULTIES WITH RUSSIA’S SIZE
So big and distant from Moscow
Some regional leaders have chosen to ignore government reform.

99. CONTROL OVER REGIONAL LEADERS
Government created federal districts with governors
Governors answered to Moscow

100. ORGANIZED CRIME Growth of organized crime
Illegal activities are more lucrative that honest business
Illegal activities reduced the governments tax revenues