End Show Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 2 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall DNAVS.RNA DeoxyriboseSugarRibose 2Strands1 A, T, C, GBasesA, U, C, G Differences between DNA & RNA

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 3 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 4 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of instructions from DNA.

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 5 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is found in ribosomes. Ribosome Ribosomal RNA

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 6 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acid to the ribosomes. Amino acid Transfer RNA

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 7 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transcription Copying a gene from DNA into RNA. -DNA unzips -RNA nucleotides base pair with one DNA strand -RNA strand leaves & DNA zips back up

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 8 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transcription RNA RNA polymerase DNA

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 9 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Genetic Code The sequence of bases in mRNA specifies the sequence of Amino Acids in the protein. The ribosomes read the mRNA 3 bases at a time.

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 10 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Genetic Code A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid.

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 11 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Genetic Code

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 12 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation Translation is the decoding of an mRNA message into a protein. Translation takes place on ribosomes.

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 13 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation Nucleus mRNA Messenger RNA leaves the nucleus & binds with a ribosome.

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 14 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid. These bases at the other end, called the anticodon, are complementary to one mRNA codon. The ribosome binds new tRNA molecules and amino acids as it moves along the mRNA.

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 15 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation Lysine tRNA Phenylalanine Methionine Ribosome mRNA Start codon

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 16 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation Protein Synthesis tRNA Ribosome mRNA Lysine Translation direction

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 17 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation The process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon. Polypeptide Ribosome tRNA mRNA

End Show 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 18 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Genes and Proteins The sequence of bases in DNA is used as a template for mRNA. The codons of mRNA specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Codon mRNA Alanine Arginine Leucine Amino acids within a polypeptide Single strand of DNA

End Show Slide 19 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 The role of a master plan in a building is similar to the role of which molecule? a.messenger RNA b.DNA c.transfer RNA d.ribosomal RNA

End Show Slide 20 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 A base that is present in RNA but NOT in DNA is a.thymine. b.uracil. c.cytosine. d.adenine.

End Show Slide 21 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 The nucleic acid responsible for bringing individual amino acids to the ribosome is a.transfer RNA. b.DNA. c.messenger RNA. d.ribosomal RNA.

End Show Slide 22 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 A region of a DNA molecule that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA is the a.intron. b.exon. c.promoter. d.codon.

End Show Slide 23 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 A codon typically carries sufficient information to specify a(an) a.single base pair in RNA. b.single amino acid. c.entire protein. d.single base pair in DNA.

END OF SECTION