A look at Empires… What are the characteristics of an empire? What are the characteristics of an empire?

CHINA

WAR! Zhou Dynasty Zhou Dynasty (1122 – 256 B.C.E.) (1122 – 256 B.C.E.) The “Mandate of Heaven” The “Mandate of Heaven” Zhou Dynasty loses authority (771 B.C.E.) Zhou Dynasty loses authority (771 B.C.E.) The Period of the Warring States The Period of the Warring States (475/403 – 221 B.C.E.) (475/403 – 221 B.C.E.) Dukes  Kings Dukes  Kings Sun Tzu – The Art of War Sun Tzu – The Art of War What will happen? What will happen? Society in question! Society in question!

Sun Tzu, The Art of War With your group, read over the excerpt and consider the following questions. Have one person right down your ideas and thoughts. With your group, read over the excerpt and consider the following questions. Have one person right down your ideas and thoughts. What does The Art of War address? Teach? What does The Art of War address? Teach? What does The Art of War tell us about Chinese society during the Period of the Warring States? What does The Art of War tell us about Chinese society during the Period of the Warring States? What was important to most Chinese societies during the Period of the Warring States? What was important to most Chinese societies during the Period of the Warring States? What might result from concentrating on war? What might result from concentrating on war?

Confucius Kong Fuzi (551 – 479 B.C.E.) Kong Fuzi (551 – 479 B.C.E.) Lu state Lu state Confucianism Confucianism The Analects The Analects Education – Book of Songs, Book of History, Book of Rites, and other texts on leadership and administration. Education – Book of Songs, Book of History, Book of Rites, and other texts on leadership and administration.

Considering Confucianism Confucianism Confucianism Practical? Impractical? Practical? Impractical? Philosophical? Religious? Moral? Philosophical? Religious? Moral? Optimistic or Pessimistic? Optimistic or Pessimistic? Junzi Junzi Ren Ren Li Li Xiao Xiao DISCIPLINE leads to? DISCIPLINE leads to?

Spread of Confucianism Mencius (372 – 289 B.C.E.) Mencius (372 – 289 B.C.E.) Views on society? Government? Views on society? Government? Xunzi (298 – 238 B.C.E.) Xunzi (298 – 238 B.C.E.) Views on society? Government? Views on society? Government? Qin Dynasty? Qin Dynasty? Today? Today?

Daoism Laozi (6 th Century B.C.E.) – Old Master Laozi (6 th Century B.C.E.) – Old Master Daodejing (Classic of the Way and of Virtue) Daodejing (Classic of the Way and of Virtue) Dao Dao Wuwei Wuwei Yin yang Yin yang Zhuangzi (369 – 286 C.E.) - Zhuangzi Zhuangzi (369 – 286 C.E.) - Zhuangzi Life and Death? Life and Death? Laozi’s departure Laozi’s departure

Yin Yang

Considering Daoism Daoism Daoism Practical? Impractical? Practical? Impractical? Philosophical? Religious? Moral? Philosophical? Religious? Moral? Optimistic or Pessimistic? Optimistic or Pessimistic? Active? Passive? Active? Passive? Direct? Indirect? Direct? Indirect? Daoism and Confucianism…why not both? Daoism and Confucianism…why not both?

Legalism Shang Yang (ca. 390 – 338 B.C.E.) Shang Yang (ca. 390 – 338 B.C.E.) Qin state Qin state The Book of Lord Shang The Book of Lord Shang Han Feizi (ca. 280 – 233 B.C.E.) Han Feizi (ca. 280 – 233 B.C.E.) Agriculture and Armed Forces Agriculture and Armed Forces LAWS – communal responsibility LAWS – communal responsibility End of the Period of the Warring States End of the Period of the Warring States

Considering Legalism Legalism Legalism Practical? Impractical? Practical? Impractical? Philosophical? Religious? Moral? Philosophical? Religious? Moral? Optimistic or Pessimistic? Optimistic or Pessimistic? Active? Passive? Active? Passive? Direct? Indirect? Direct? Indirect?

HOMEWORK TONIGHT In a 4-5 sentence paragraph: In a 4-5 sentence paragraph: Write your own Confucian OR Daoist OR Legalist lesson on any of the following: Write your own Confucian OR Daoist OR Legalist lesson on any of the following: Good studentship Good studentship Good parenting Good parenting Good athleticism Good athleticism Good artistic performance Good artistic performance

Qin Dynasty Period of the Warring States (403 – 221 B.C.E.) Period of the Warring States (403 – 221 B.C.E.) Legalism Legalism Qin Dynasty (221 – 207 B.C.E.) Qin Dynasty (221 – 207 B.C.E.) The First Emperor The First Emperor Qin Shihuangdi (r. 221 – 210 B.C.E.) Qin Shihuangdi (r. 221 – 210 B.C.E.) (Qin Shi Huang) (Qin Shi Huang) chin.cfm chin.cfm chin.cfm chin.cfm

The First Emperor Background Information Qin Shihuangdi (r. 221 – 210 B.C.E.) Qin Shihuangdi (r. 221 – 210 B.C.E.) (Qin Shi Huang) (Qin Shi Huang) Xianyang Xianyang Central Govt. Officers Central Govt. Officers Peasant Laborers Peasant Laborers Roads Roads The Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China Palaces Palaces Emperor’s Tomb Emperor’s Tomb

The First Emperor Centralizing Government Standardized: Standardized: Laws Laws Money (Currency) Money (Currency) Weights Weights Measures Measures Roads and Bridges Roads and Bridges Interregional commerce (trading) Interregional commerce (trading)

The First Emperor Controlling an Empire Qin Shihuangdi (r. 221 – 210 B.C.E.) Qin Shihuangdi (r. 221 – 210 B.C.E.) (Qin Shi Huang) (Qin Shi Huang) Confucians and Daoists Confucians and Daoists Burning books Burning books Philosophy, ethics, history, and literature Philosophy, ethics, history, and literature What books does he keep? What books does he keep? Scholars and critics? Scholars and critics?

The First Emperor Standardized Script Various languages and dialects Various languages and dialects One written language One written language What does one universal language do for Chinese society? What does one universal language do for Chinese society?

The First Emperor Burial 210 B.C.E. 210 B.C.E. The Tomb of Qin Shihuangdi The Tomb of Qin Shihuangdi Goods Goods Slaves, concubines, and craftsmen Slaves, concubines, and craftsmen Traps, crossbows, and soldiers Traps, crossbows, and soldiers Terra-cotta soldiers Terra-cotta soldiers Rebelling Against the Empire! (207 B.C.E.) Rebelling Against the Empire! (207 B.C.E.)