2. . Today’s Goal  Describe the new philosophies emerging in China and how Legalism was used by the Qin Dynasty.

3. Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.  Established China’s first empire  “First Emperor” = Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.)  “Strengthen the trunk & weaken the branches”  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration  Centralized control  Military expansion

4. Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.  Prevented criticism & opposition  Book burnings  Buried protestors alive  Autocracy – gov’t w/unlimited power & uses it however it wishes  Program of Centralization  Highway & road networks  Set standards for writing, law, currency, weights & measures  Harsh taxes & cruel gov’t

5. Great Wall of China   Closed gaps in pre- existing wall & extend along border   Hundreds of thousands of peasant laborers  “work or die”   Built upon later by the Han & Ming Dynasties   Today it is 8,851.8 kilometers (5,500 miles) from east to west of China

6. Great Wall of China

8. Fall of the Qin   Shi Huangdi’s son was an ineffective ruler   Peasant rebellion   Replaced by Han Dynasty

9. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

11. Confucianism  Restore order & moral living  Five basic relationships (ruler  subject, father  son, husband  wife, older bro  younger bro, friend  friend)  Filial piety - respect for parents & ancestors  Education!!!  Bureaucracy (trained civil service)

12. Daoism  Laozi  Dao De Jing (“The Way of Virtue”)  Natural order more important than social order  the Dao (“Way”) is universal force which guides all things  Live simply & in harmony with nature

13. Legalism  Efficient & powerful gov’t needed to restore order  Rewards for obedient; harsh punishments for disobedient  Control ideas & actions

14. Other Ethical Systems  I Ching  book of oracles to solve ethical or practical problems  Yin & yang  represented the natural rhythms of life  Yin = cold, dark, soft, mysterious  Yang = warm, bright, hard, clear

15. Masculine Masculine Active Active Light Light Warmth Warmth Strong Strong Heaven; Sun Heaven; Sun Feminine Feminine Passive Passive Darkness Darkness Cold Cold Weak Weak Earth; Moon Earth; Moon