WORLD WAR I World War I was a war without parallel - all previous wars were eclipsed by its scale of destruction.

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Presentation transcript:

WORLD WAR I World War I was a war without parallel - all previous wars were eclipsed by its scale of destruction

Causes of WWI 1. NATIONALISM 2. IMPERIALISM RIVALRIES 3. MILITARISM: 4. ALLIANCES- between

Crisis in the Balkans Europe’s powder keg Serbian nationalism Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina “The Shot Heard Throughout Europe”

Chain Reaction Declaration of war sets off chain reaction Mobilization of troops taken as declaration of war Nations declaring war on nation’s allies

Schlieffen Plan German military plan named after General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen In event of two front war, attack France then Russia Speed vital to plan Neutral Belgium invaded by Germany- brought England into war

SCHLIEFFEN Plan

Stalemate Western Front- northern France First Battle of the Marne Eastern Front- border of Germany and Russia

The New Weapons of War War in the Trenches Miserable, sleep was impossible Poison Gas Machine Gun Tank Airplane Submarine New technology didn’t speed up war, killed millions

Took many forms, varied from sector to sector and from front to front. TRENCH WARFARE

Considered uncivilized prior to WWI Necessitated to overcome stalemate First Use by the French Fired tear-gas grenades (xylyl bromide) against the Germans POISON GAS

Dominated battlefields of WWI Fairly primitive device Machine guns varied; not portable Each weighed between 30kg-60kg range - without mountings, carriages and supplies. MACHINE GUNS

Design can be drawn back to the eighteenth century. TANKS

Old weapon- new life during WWI The Mortar: A Definition A short, stumpy tube designed to fire a projectile at a steep angle so that it falls straight down on the enemy. Ideally suited for trench warfare TRENCH MORTAR

Name probably dates from the French word for pomegranate Dated back to the fifteenth century GRENADES

DEATH TOLL

War Affects the World Began shortly after conflict started Searched for a way to end stalemate Various parts of Asia and Africa under attack (German possessions mostly) US enters the War

War Affects the Home Front Total War Rationing Propaganda Impact of Women on the War

The Allies Win the War Russia withdraws in 1917 Second Battle of the Marne Armistice signed in November 1918

A Flawed Peace Allies Meet at Versailles The Big Four: Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (UK) and Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Wilson’s 14 Points Treaty of Versailles Short-lived peace

Legacy of the War New kind of war Dynasties fall in Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia New countries created League of Nations established Leads to another war??