Mission 3 Life in the Colonies

Separatist A Puritan who broke away from the Anglican Church (p. 66)

Pilgrim A Separatist who journeyed to the American colonies in the 1600s for religious freedom. (p. 67)

pacifism Opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. (p. 75)

Cash Crop A crop grown primarily for profit (p. 85)

Plantation A large, commercial, agricultural estate (p. 85)

Indentured servant An individual who contracts to work for a colonist for a specified number of years in exchange for transportation to the colonies, food, clothing, and shelter. (p. 86)

Gentry Wealthy landowners in the South, also called the planter elite (p. 86)

Subsistence farming Farming only enough food to feed one’s family (p. 87)

Middle Passage The difficult journey slave endured in crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. (p. 89)

Slave code A set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people. (p. 90)

Town meeting A gathering of free men in a New England town to elect leaders which developed into the local town government. (p. 94)

selectmen Men chosen to manage a town’s affairs (p. 94)

Bill of exchange Credit slip given by English merchants to planters in exchange for sugar or other goods. (p. 95)

Triangular trade A three-way trade route that exchanged goods between the American colonies and two other trading partners (Africa, Europe, and West Indies) (p. 95)

Entrepreneur One who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise (p. 97)

capitalist Person who invests wealth, particularly money, in a business (p. 97)

mercantilism The theory that a state’s power depends on its wealth (p. 98)

Natural rights Fundamental rights all people are born possessing, including the right to life, liberty, and property. (p. 102)

Enlightenment Movement during the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge, and reason. (p. 108)

Great Awakening Movement during the 1700s that stressed dependence on God. (p. 108)