Migration to the United States What is the impact on people and places?

Migration to the United States ► Push and Pull factors drive people to move to a new country.  Push Factors are the things that make you unhappy and want to move from your country.  Pull Factors are the good things that make you want to move to a new country.

Migration to the United States ► 65 million people have migrated to the United States in the past 190 years.  The United States receives the highest number of international immigrants (people born in another territory and no longer resident there).

Each territory's size on the map is drawn according to its land area.

The territory size shows the number of international immigrants that live there

1) Based on what you know about migration, how would explain the previous map?  Which countries/continents have strong pull factors?

Three Waves of Immigration ► The first great wave of immigration began with the founding of the United States.  They came from Northern Europe because of poverty, hunger, and political freedom. ► The second wave of immigrants began in the late 1800’s.  They came from eastern and southern Europe, or Asia because of war or persecution because of their religious beliefs. ► The third wave of immigrants began in the late 1960’s and is still going on.  24 million people have moved to the United States since % of them have been from Latin America.

Asian Population Hispanic Population Irish African Population

Immigration Today ► Mexico to the United States  Pull: Mexicans are pulled to the U.S. by jobs, education, location, and personal freedoms available.  Push: lack of opportunities such as Jobs and education. ► Vietnam to the United States  Pull: democracy, jobs, education  Push: As the United States left Vietnam, the South Vietnamese who supported the U.S. to protect themselves

Migration Within United States ► California to Texas:  Pull: cheaper labor, cheaper land, skilled and educated workers, business costs are less  Push: living expenses higher, land and labor are more expensive, business costs higher ► Katrina (forced Migration)  Pull: most went to Houston because it was the closest large city  Push: hurricane and flooding destroyed homes and businesses.

Migration Within United States ► Rust Belt  Pull: cheaper land and labor, cheap energy (started in when oil was cheap and available in Texas)  Push: more expensive land and labor, unions in North and right-to-work states in South and Southwest.

Territory size shows the number of international emigrants originating there.

2) What is your opinion of this map?  Which countries/continents appear to have strong push factors?

Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide wealth that is found there.

The territory size shows the number of international immigrants that live there

How does immigration affect the U.S.? ► Economic Impact: Jobs  The United States has long depended on immigrants for labor. ► Examples of economic impacts (jobs) on the U.S.  low-paying jobs, professional jobs, and business owners ► Immigrant labor helped build America and fight its wars. ► Many immigrants work low-paying jobs that native-born workers don’t want, such as farm work and house cleaning. ► Some are highly skilled, such as doctors, professors, and programmers. ► Some start new businesses or work as athletes or artists.

► Why do you think more immigrants have lower paying jobs and only a few have highly skilled jobs (doctors, lawyers…)

How does immigration affect the U.S.? ► Economic Impact: Taxes  Immigrants who work pay taxes which support public services. Some immigrants also use public services that are paid for by taxes ► Examples of economic impacts (taxes) on the US:  Taxes support schools, libraries, health clinics, and free public services.  Working immigrants pay taxes that support schools, libraries, and health clinics.  Some immigrants need services such as English language classes, welfare, and health care.

Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide spending on public health services (free health care) that is spent there.

► If health care and public schools are paid by taxes, do you think the people who live in the United States benefit from immigration?

How Does Emigration Affect the Homelands People Left Behind? ► When people emigrate, they take with them whatever they might have contributed to life in their home land (brain drain).  Examples of economic impacts (brain drain and gain) ► Loss of educated people and money is sent back home to families   Home countries lose the training and talent of skilled emigrants.   Many immigrants send money, or remittances, back to their families.   Some immigrants go to school or work and then return to their homeland to share their new skills and experience.

Territory size shows the proportion of all physicians (doctors) that work in that territory.

► What is like when you go to the doctor? Do you wait a long time? How do you think the loss of educated people (doctors, engineers) affects the people who’s country they leave behind?

How Does Emigration Affect the Homelands People Left Behind? ► Emigration affects the country and the people left behind.   Examples of social impacts (divided families, community improvements): ► Divides families but also helps the family with money sent home.   Examples of social impacts (divided families, community improvements): ► ► When people leave to find jobs, families are splintered, sometimes for years. ► ► Remittances may be used to help family members pay for health care and schooling and communities to help pay for wells, schools, and other improvements.