Chap 5 Sect 1 & 2  Main Ideas –After the Revolution the 13 states ratify the Articles of Confederation –In 1787 the Constitutional Convention meets to revise the government  Key Terms – –Articles of Confederation, Northwest Ordinance, Shay’s Rebellion, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Great Compromise, 3/5 Compromise

The Articles of Confederation  Ratified in 1781  Weak Central Government  Most power resides with the states  Congress could –Wage / Declare War –Raise Armies –Sign Treaties w/foreign powers  Congress could not –Impose taxes –Regulate Trade

Northwest Ordinance of 1787  Only way for new government to raise money is to sell land  The New Territories –Congress appointed Governor & 3 Judges –After 5000 adult males settle  Those 5000 elect a territorial legislature –After population of territory reaches 60,000  The territory could apply for statehood

Federal Government lacks authority  The Treaty of 1783 calls for payment of British merchant loans –No way for new government to enforce this –British merchants are angry –British refuse to leave American land  Spain and Georgia are in a border dispute –Spain blocks access to MS river –Federal Govt has no way of forcing Georgia to settle dispute – trade suffers

Shay’s Rebellion 1787  Farmers in Mass. are angry about taxes -attack Mass. Govt.  Property owners worry that a weak central govt cannot protect their rights  Merchants, landowners, & wealthy want stronger central govt Shay’s Rebellion led by Former RevWar soldier Daniel Shay

All call for CHANGE !!!  1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia  Goal is to revise Art of Conf.  GW chosen as presiding officer  55 delegates  Meet in secrecy – why????

The Virginia Plan Do away with Articles of Confed. Do away with Articles of Confed. 3 Branches of Government 3 Branches of Government Legislative Branch has 2 Houses Legislative Branch has 2 Houses Upper House = Senate State’s voters get to pick Senators Lower House = House of Reps State government nominates potential members for 2 nd House and 1 st votes # of Reps dependent on state’s population # of Reps dependent on state’s population Smaller states oppose this plan Smaller states oppose this plan

The New Jersey Plan Rework the Articles of Confederation Rework the Articles of Confederation 3 Branches of Government 3 Branches of Government Legislative Branch has 1 House Legislative Branch has 1 House # of Reps is equal for all states regardless of population # of Reps is equal for all states regardless of population Large states oppose this plan Large states oppose this plan

The Great Compromise  Ben Franklin in charge  Senate = 2 Senators from each state  House of Reps = based on Population  State Government elects Senators

3/5 th Compromise  Slave States want slaves counted for population / representation  Northern States say then they should count for taxes as well  Compromise - 1 slave = 3/5 th of a white person