1. Chapter 7 Section 1 The Articles of Confederation The revolution was won. A new nation began. The Second Continental Congress asked states to organize their govermnents. Each state adopted a constitution, or plan of government States adopted constitutions that limited the powers of governors divided duties betweenthe governor and the legislature most states setup bicameral, or two-house legislature wanted people to have the power voters had to be white males at least 21 years old who owned land or paid a certain amount of taxes What is a constitution? _________________________________________ a two house legislature a plan of government Whis is bicameral? ___________________________________________ a two house legislature a plan of government

2. Americans wanted the United States to be a republic. A republic is a government is which citizens rule though elected representatives. The first government was set up in 1781 in the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation state the laws that describe the first government of the United States. Under the Articles, Congress could: conduct foreign affairs issue currency borrow money maintain the armed forces. Congress could NOT: impose taxes force citizens to join the army regulate trade States would keep most of their power. The states approved the Articles, and the Confederation became the government of the United States. Articles of Confederation What is a republic? __________________________________________________________ a government in which citizens rule theough elected representatives. a document in which states the laws of the government.

3. Problems with the Articles of Confederation There was no president There were no courts to solve problems amount the different states There was a legislature, but it didn't have the power to tax people. I count not raise money. Each state had its own money. Which of the following statements was a problem with the Articles of Confederation: ___________________________________________________________ Congress could conduct foreign affairs. Each state had its own money. Congress could maintain an army.

4. New Land Policies In the late 1700s, more people began moving west. These settlers hoped to organize their lands as states. The central government took control of western lands and divide them into districts. These districts could then apply, or petition, for statehood when their population increased. Congress passed the Ordinance of 1785 to sell western lands north of the Ohio River. This law divided the land ito sell at auction. Land speculators hoped to use the law to buy large amounts of land cheaply. An ordinance is a law. The Northwest Ordinance was passed to protect the property rights of settlers. This ordinance created the Northwest Territory, which was divided into smaller territories. When the population of a smaller territory reached 60,000 it could apply to become a state. The Ordinance of 1785 let speculators ______________________________________. protect the property rights of settlers. buy large amounts of land cheaply. The Northwest Ordinance __________________________________________________ protected the property rights of settlers. let settlers buy large amounts of land cheaply.

5. Chapter 7 Section 2 Convention and Compromise A Call for Change After the Revolutionary War, the United States suffered a depression. A depression is a time when the economy slows and unemployment increases. Farmers could not sell their goods and could not give the government money to pay war debts. The government put some farmers in jail and took their land. Daniel Shays led a group of angry farmers to the federal arsenal to take weapons. The sate militia put down the uprising. Shay's Rebellion caused many Americans to worry that the government was too weak. States were divided on the issue of slavery. Shay's Rebellion caused many Americans to worry that the government was too __________. weak strong

6. The Constitutional Convention Some Americans were unhappy with the Articles of Confederation. They wanted changes. Fifty-five delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 to consider changes to the Articles. George Washington was the leader. Delegates came to the meeting with two main plans: Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan The legislature has two houses. The number of representatives is based on the number of people in the state. The legislature has one house. Each state has the same number of representatives. Which plan wanted to have a one house legislature? _________________________ Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Which plan wanted the number of representatives based on the state's poplulation? _______________ Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan

7. Compromise Wins Out The delegates decided to write a constitution for a new government. This became known as the Great Compromise. A compromise is an agreement between two or more sides where each side usually gives up something it wants. The Delegates compromised on: a two house legislature. lower house - number of sears depended on a state's population upper house - each state would have two seats how to count enslaved people for the purpose of taxation and representation each enslaved person was counted as three-fifths of a free person. That would mean that every five enslaved people would count as three free people. a Bill of Rights which would keep the national government fro abusing its power. A compromise is an ______________ between two or more sides. argument agreement

8. Chapter 7 Section 3 A New Plan of Government The Framers of the Constitution were influenced by: British ideas and traditions the Magna Carta A document which limited the power of the English king. It created Parliament, England's lawmaking body. England's bill of right John Locke believed that people have natural right. These included: the right to life liberty property Baron de Montesquieu also had important ideas the powers of government should be limed, separated, and balanced against each other. This would keep on person or group from becoming too powerful Many ideas for the Constitution came from the ________________________. Magna Carta Declaration of Independence Roots of the Constitution

9. The states held most of the power under the Articles of Confederation. This changed under the Constitution. The Constitution created a federalist system. Federalism is the sharing of power between the federal and state governments. The federal government could: impose taxes regulate trade control the currency raise an army declare create new laws State governments could: regulate trade within their borders establish local governments and schools power to tax enforce laws The Constitution became the supreme law of the land. No state could make laws that went against the Constitution. Roots of the Constitution What is the supreme law of the United States? ___________________________ The Bill or Rights The Constitution

10. The New Government Checks and Balances To limit, or check, the power of each branch, the Framers included a system of Checks and Balances. A system which limits the powers of each branch of government is called ________________________. federalism Checks and Balances

11. Chapter 7 Quiz What is a constitution? _________________________________________ a two house legislature a plan of government What is a republic? __________________________________________________________ a government in which citizens rule theough elected representatives. a document in which states the laws of the government. Shay's Rebellion caused many Americans to worry that the government was too __________. weak strong Which plan wanted to have a one house legislature? _________________________ Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan A compromise is an ______________ between two or more sides. argument agreement

12. Chapter 7 Quiz What is the supreme law of the United States? ___________________________ The Bill or Rights The Constitution What branch of government is the President? __________________________ Executive branch Judicial branch A system which limits the powers of each branch of government is called ________________________. federalism Checks and Balances

13. The New Government The framers of the Constitution deived the federal government into three branches. Legislative branch (Congress) Executive branchJudicial branch makes laws coin money collect taxes regulate trade carries out the nation's laws President in charge of this branch Chief of the armed forces conducts relations with foreign countries hears cases involving the Constitution laws passes by Congress disputes between states Supreme court Other federal courts What branch of government is the President? __________________________ Executive branch Judicial branch