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Unit 4 New Republic to an Expanding Nation

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1 Unit 4 New Republic to an Expanding Nation

2 Section 1 – Timeline Review

3 Timeline Review 1775: Second Continental Congress
First met in response to the Intolerable Acts Governed the U.S. for 6 years 1781: Articles of Confederation Effective March 1 Power to: Have an army Declare war Deal with Native Americans Start a mail service Borrow money Ask states for money to run national government

4 Timeline Review 1781: Articles of Confederation 1783: Treaty of Paris
Trouble right away No power to: Tax people to raise money Settle arguments between states Control trade among states Large states angry that smaller states had same amount of power in Congress 1783: Treaty of Paris Ended American Revolution

5 Timeline Review After the American Revolution, the U.S. suffered economic depression Business activity slows Prices and wages fall Unemployment rises Shays’ Rebellion 1786 Daniel Shays, leader Farmer, Amer. Rev. war captain MA farmers protesting foreclosure attack courthouses MA legislature sent in militia Daniel Shays – former Revolutionary war captain

6 The U.S. Grows Articles of Confederation said nothing about admitting new states to U.S. Congress passed 2 laws 1st law: Land Ordinance of 1785 Set up a method of surveying or measuring land One of most important items in the ordinance Land was divided into townships One section to be kept for schools Still used in much of U.S. today Northwest Territory (north of Ohio River, west of the Appalachians) and later land west of Mississippi River was measured this way

7 Land Ordinance of 1785 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 17 16* 15 14 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 30 29 28 27 26 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 Township ______, Section ____, ______________

8 The U.S. Grows Articles of Confederation said nothing about admitting new states to U.S. Congress passed 2 laws 2nd law: Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Organized Northwest Territory Set up government & outlawed slavery Provided for region to be divided into 3-5 separate territories in future A new territory with population of 5,000 adult men could elect own lawmakers When 60,000 free people live in a territory, it could ask Congress to become a state

9 The U.S. Grows Territory (definition) = land belonging to U.S. but not yet divided into states People had same freedoms as others living in states Northwest Territory Native Americans not happy President Washington later sent several military forces to fight Native Americans

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12 2 Laws passed by Congress while under Articles of Confederation - REVIEW
LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785 Set up a method of surveying or measuring land One of most important items in the ordinance Land was divided into townships One section to be kept for schools Still used in much of U.S. today Northwest Territory (north of Ohio River, west of Appalachians) was measured this way NORTHWEST ORDINANCE OF 1787 Organized Northwest Territory Set up government & outlawed slavery Provided for region to be divided into 3-5 separate territories in future A new territory with population of 5,000 adult men could elect own lawmakers When 60,000 free people live in a territory, it could ask Congress to become a state

13 Timeline Review 1787: Constitutional Convention
In June, George Washington headed meeting of leaders in Philadelphia to improve Articles of Confederation They decided instead to write a new plan for government James Madison, historian

14 James Madison 1787 Constitutional Convention historian
Father of U.S. Constitution

15 Timeline Review 1787: Constitutional Convention
Three-fifths (3/5) Compromise Allowed slave trade for at least 20 years On September 17, the new Constitution of U.S. was completed

16 Timeline Review 1787: Constitution
Federalists – supported the new Constitution Favored a strong national government James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay Antifederalists – opposed the new Constitution Favored strong State governments Main argument was the Constitution had no Bill of Rights Most people were afraid the Constitution: made national government too strong made States too weak gave President too much power

17 Timeline Review Bill of Rights
Written list of freedoms that government promises to protect

18 Wrote the Federalist Papers defending the Constitution
James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay Wrote the Federalist Papers defending the Constitution

19 Timeline Review 1787: Constitution 1789: U.S. Constitution Ratified
Thomas Jefferson suggested adding Bill of Rights To help protect rights of Americans 9 of 13 states had to ratify Constitution for it to become effective 1789: U.S. Constitution Ratified Became the law George Washington became 1st President on April 30, 1789

20 George Washington John Adams 1st President 1st Vice President
George Washington had great power, but not nearly as much as a king

21 The Articles of Confederation The Constitution
Unicameral Each state one vote 9 of 13 states approve laws No executive branch No judicial branch Only states can tax Each state can coin money Each state can regulate trade with other states Each state can act independently Bicameral Senate and House of Reps Majority of each house approves laws Executive branch, headed by President, carries out laws Judicial branch, headed by Supreme Court, interprets laws Congress can tax Only Congress can coin money Only Congress can regulate trade between states States accept Constitution as supreme law of land


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