Chapter 3 Key Issue 2 Where Do People Migrate Within a Country?

Interregional Migration Moving from one region to another Historically –Moved to find better farmland Today –Rural to urban areas (service industry jobs clustered in urban areas)

Interregional Migration in the US

Interregional Migration: The American West Hugging the Coast : Crossing the Appalachians : Rushing to the Gold : Filling in the Great Plains : Moving South Animated Map of US Population l/maps/settlement.html l/maps/settlement.html

Interregional Migration in Russia Population Clustered in Western European Portion East of Ural Mountains is sparsely populated USSR policy to have factories near resources in remote areas –Forced migration to these areas –Later incentives to voluntarily migrate People would migrate out and then back USSR collapses, Russia does not dictate optimal locations near resources

Interregional Migration: The Trail of Tears Natives Americans forced to move west during 19 th century –Choctaw-Mississippi 1831 –Seminole- Florida 1832 –Creek- Alabama 1834 –Chickasaw- Mississippi 1837 –Cherokee- Georgia 1838 Land for white settlers 46,000 migrated, many died

Interregional Migration: Canada East to West Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan Net out-migration from Manitoba Province

Interregional Migration: China Rural to Urban Interior of China to the coastal cities Jobs in factories Intervening obstacles –Government limits on rural to urban movement have been lifted in recent years

Interregional Migration: Brazil Majority pop. in Coastal Cities Government encourages migration to the interior –Moved capital from Rio de Janiero to Brasília –Many jobs available Result –net out-migration from Coastal areas –Those who cannot afford to live in Brasilia’s housing live in favelas at the city’s edge

Intraregional Migration Rural to Urban –1800s in Europe and North America –Caused by Industrial Revolution Example: U.S. 5% 1800, 50% 1920, 80% 2010 –Recently diffused to developing countries in Asia, Latin America, & Africa –Caused by economic opportunities few agricultural jobs, more factory or service jobs – % to 80% in Latin America 15% to 45% in Asia 10% to 40% in Sub-Saharan Africa

Intraregional Migration in the U.S. Fig. 3-14: Average annual migration among urban, suburban, and rural areas in the U.S. during the 1990s. The largest flow was from central cities to suburbs.

Urban to Suburban –Developed countries –Seeking lifestyle Detached house (vs. apartment) Private yard Garage/driveway Modern, better equipped, safer schools Effects –Expanding urban areas, periphery farms urbanized

Counterurbanization Urban to Rural –New migration trend in developed countries –Cause: lifestyle change (frantic city pace, to slower pace) –work in factories, small shops –Slowed with recession (Housing Crisis) Example Rural Rocky Mountain Communities