LOGO 沈阳师范大学 主讲人：张 林 欧洲历史与文明

LOGO Chapter 10 Napoleonic Europe The Formation of the French Imperial System

LOGO Chapter 10 Napoleonic Europe The Formation of the French Imperial System Overview I. Napoleon Bonaparte II. French Empire III. The Civil Code IV. Napoleon at His Peak

LOGO Chapter 10 Napoleonic Europe The Formation of the French Imperial System Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for the wars he led against a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars, during which he established hegemony over much of Europe and sought to spread revolutionary ideals.

LOGO Chapter 10 Napoleonic Europe The Formation of the French Imperial System Born in 1769 in Corsica - part of the petty nobility of Corsica Military school and commission as a lieutenant of artillery in 1785 For the next 7 years, Napoleon spent most of his time reading the works of the Philosophers and educating himself in military matters Life was changed by the French Revolution In 1792, was promoted to captain and through his actions at Marseilles the following year was appointed Brigadier General in 1794 In1795 he saved the Directory from the Paris mob Appointment in 1796 as commander of the Army of Italy

LOGO France proper: France to the Rhine river, northern Italy and Rome Dependent States: Spain, the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Italy, the Swiss Republic, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Confederation of the Rhine Allied States: these were the states that Napoleon defeated and forced to ally themselves with France; Prussia, Austria, and Russia Napoleon’s Empire

LOGO Napoleon ’ s Empire France proper: France to the Rhine river, northern Italy and Rome Dependent States: Spain, the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Italy, the Swiss Republic, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Confederation of the Rhine Allied States: these were the states that Napoleon defeated and forced to ally themselves with France; Prussia, Austria, and Russia

LOGO Napoleonic Europe

LOGO Need for a uniform legal system Seven codes were formed, of which the most famous was the Civil Code, or the Code Napoleon Recognized the principle of equality of all citizens before the law, the right of individuals to chose their profession, religious toleration, and the abolition of serfdom and feudalism as well as the careful protection of property rights The Code clearly reflected the revolutionary aspirations for a uniform legal system, legal equality, and protection of property and individuals However, some rights were curtailed, such as women ’ s rights to divorce, property, and liberty Domestic Policies: Code Napoleon

LOGO Civil Code Napoleon said: "My true glory is not to have won 40 battles...Waterloo will erase the memory of so many victories.... But...what will live forever, is my Civil Code.“ The Code still has importance today in a quarter of the world's jurisdictions including in Europe, the Americas and Africa.

LOGO The Influence of the Napoleonic Code

LOGO Napoleon at His Peak