1. Part 3 – Napoleon Bonaparte
The French revolution
Part 3 – Napoleon Bonaparte

2. “I Am the Revolution” – Napoleon Bonaparte
THE RISE OF NAPOLEON
“I Am the Revolution” – Napoleon Bonaparte

3. Rise Through the Ranks Napoleon was born in Corsica – NOT French
Was educated in French military schools and moved up quickly through the ranks
Not well-liked by his peers: little money, Italian accent…and was short
Educated himself
Read works by philosophers
Embodied the Enlightenment
Read military works and studied military campaigns…which came in handy when France starts going to war(s)

4. Rise Through the Ranks…Continued
By 24, he was promoted to Brigadier General by the Committee of Public Safety
By 28, he was made commander of the French armies in Italy
Won the confidence of his men due to his charm, energy, decisive (quick) decision making-skills and his speed and deception in winning a series of victories
ALSO…keenly intelligent, egotistical (highly confident in himself)

5. Rise Through the Ranks…Continued
Comes back to Paris as a hero
Because he’s doing so great, he’s given command of an army that’s set to invade Britain
Problem – France isn’t ready to invade
Solution – Napoleon proposes hitting Britain where it hurts more: threaten India
Problem- Britain controls the seas and had cut off Napoleon’s army in Egypt
Solution – Napoleon leaves his army, heads back to Paris
Napoleon’s coup d’état (seizing of power) overthrew the Directory to establish his consulate (a new government)

6. NAPOLEON’S DOMESTIC POLICIES

7. Emperor Napoleon 1 France is a republic – theoretically
Napoleon has absolute power – reality
Controls the army
Conducts foreign affairs
Influence the legislation
1802 – Napoleon was made consul FOR LIFE
1804 – Crowns himself Emperor Napoleon I

9. Emperor Napoleon 1…Continued
First things first, make peace with the Church
1801 – Makes an agreement with the Pope
France will recognize Catholicism as the religion of France
In return, the Pope will not ask for the return of church land that was seized
Most important achievement – codification of the laws
The most important of these codification of the laws was the Civil code aka the “Napoleonic Code”
Equality of all citizens before the law
Religious toleration
Abolition of feudalism (destroying the old class system that France had prior to the Revolution)
A new Bureaucracy
Instead of being appointed or promoted by birth, promotion within Napoleon’s bureaucracy was based on ability

10. NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE

11. The Grand Empire Wars with European nations starts…again
Napoleon has decisive victories against Austria, Prussia and Russia – NOW he could create a new European order
: Napoleon’s Grand Empire was comprised (made up of) the French empire, the dependent states (almost all of Italy, Switzerland and Germany) and the allied states (Poland, Ukraine, Romania and Hungary)

13. The Grand Empire…Continued
Why does Napoleon’s Grand Empire collapse?
Britain’s survival
Sea power – Britain ruled the waters
British decisive victory at Trafalgar
Continental System – stop British ships good from reaching Europe
Allied states resented being told by Napoleon who they could and could not trade with
Result? Some resisted, others traded with Britain anyway
Nationalism
Nationalism – unique cultural identity of people based on same language, religion and national symbols
With Napoleon spreading the ideas and values of the French Revolution outside of France, it brought other countries MORE patriotic, AND it showed other nations what an armed, patriotic nation is capable of

14. The Grand Empire…Continued
Invasion of Russia
Russia refused to abide by the Continental System – this makes really egotistical, arrogant Napoleon upset
Napoleon had to act quickly – needed a quick defeat of the Russian armies
Problem – Russia refuses to engage in battle
Russian troops retreat into Russia drawing Napoleon’s troops further into Russia
Russian’s defeat Napoleon’s Grand Army by retreating hundreds of miles and burning their own villages and countryside so that Napoleon’s troops couldn’t find food or supplies

15. The Grand Empire…Continued
Moscow and the Great Retreat
City is ablaze – no food, no supplies so Napoleon is forced to retreat (the “Great Retreat”)
Problem – Napoleon’s troops start retreating back towards France during the harsh, miserable Russian winter
40,000 of the original 600,000 army made it back OR 15%
Napoleon is exiled to the Isle of Elba
Bourbon monarchy is restored – Louis XVIII
Not popular, Napoleon sneaks back into France tries to raise an army against Belgium – defeated at the battle of Waterloo
Exiled to St. Helena, where he dies

16. SECTION 3 – THE AGE OF NAPOLEON
Chapter 11 in textbook; Pages