1. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
FRENCH SOCIETY WAS A MESS AFTER REVOLUTION & REIGN OF TERROR– NAPOLEON TOOK IT AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO ADVANCE HIMSELF

2. Napoleon
Born in Corsica
Family was minor nobility

3. Napoleon Age 9 started military training
20 years old during the Revolution
Favored Jacobins & republican rule
As a child was awkward & shy- suffered taunting – brilliant student of history and military topics
1789: French Revolution: became a supporter of the new regime
*** as many officers left France to escape the Revolution- Napoleon began to earn promotions FRENCH SOCIETY WAS A MESS AFTER REVOLUTION ***

4. Early Success
Won victories against, Austria & captured parts of Northern Italy
1798:
Led an expedition to Egypt looking to end British trade with India
Campaign was a disaster but he hid stories from French admirers
1795: put down a rebellion in Paris -- led French forces to a victory over Austria (gained Belgium)
** July 1789: Egypt: goal was to threaten British control of India –superior on land but British beat them on Sea -- Still returned a hero

5. Discontent in France 1798: (while in Egypt)
French government was threatened by unrest
Allied powers seemed ready to invade
Napoleon saw this as his opportunity to help his country

6. ROSETTA STONE
Provided the key to understanding hieroglyphics

7. The Coronation of Emperor Napoleon & Empress Josephine

8. Emperor 1799: Coup d’etat 1804: named himself Emperor of France
helped overthrow the Directory & set up the Consulate
1804: named himself Emperor of France
Leaders of the Republic saw Napoleon as the answer to their problems– this Period of Rule became known as the Consulate eventually took the title first Consul **he took sole authority to rule – majority of French ok with rule bc they were tired of Revolution & instability

11. France under Napoleon Reforms – to restore economy Napoleon:
Controlled prices, encouraged industry and built roads and canals.
Made peace with the Catholic Church
Kept Church under state control but allowed religious freedom for Catholics
Recognized the peasants rights to land they bought from Church
Made jobs open to “all talent”
Encouraged emigres to return (took an oath of loyalty

12. Napoleonic Code Based on enlightenment thinking
Equality for all citizens
Religious toleration
1804: french civil code – forbade privledges based on birth , allowed religious freedom , government jobs went to the most qualified --- helped to clearly replace feudal laws – it set up a single set of laws for France *** with regard to family set up husband as superior to wife & child but did allow for divorce

13. Building an Empire Annexed areas to France
Netherlands
Belgium
Parts of Italy & Germany
Controlled most of Europe through diplomacy
Putting friends & relatives on thrones in Europe
His brother Joseph took the throne in Spain
Napoleon’s popularity soared -

14. Building an Empire Controlled lands from Spain to Russian border
The beginning of the end was when he waged war against England & Russia at the same time

15. Conquests were Positive and Negative
Would spread Revolutionary ideas to the lands he conquered
Would also spread nationalism (people would revolt against him)

16. Defeat Britain, Prussia, Austria & Russia united to defeat him
Russian Winter:
Napoleon was unprepared
Russians practiced a slash & burn policy

17. Exile 1814 Captured by Russians 1815 Exiled to the island of Elba
February he escaped & ruled France until he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo
While in exile he wrote a journal about his life Waterloo- 50,000 people died in battle
ELBA

18. Exile Once again exiled to the island of St. Helena where he died
Some question if he was poisoned --- with napoleon out of the picture Louis XVIII ruled *** many of the rights people for & died for during the revolution were taken away **** peace was only on the surface of Europe

20. Where Napoleon stayed

21. Dying from stomach cancer

22. NAPOLEON’S TOMB

23. Life After Napoleon Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother) ruled France
Many of the rights people died for during the Revolution were taken away