Civil Rights Movement Explain, describe and identify key events in the Civil Rights Movement

Historical bases of the struggle for equal rights National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 14 th amendment – No state can deny civil rights 15 th amendment – Voting rights for all men despite race 19 th amendment – Universal suffrage (all citizens despite gender can vote) Plessy vs. Ferguson – Separate but equal is ok – 1954; Brown vs. Board of Education; separate but equal is NOT ok

Groups Southern Christian Leadership Conference – Committed to using nonviolence in the struggle for civil rights – Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth co-founder Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee – Played a major role in the sit-ins, freedom rides Led by Stokely Carmichael in the late 1960s – Urged Black Power Congress of Racial Equality – Interracial group of students – Organized the Freedom Rides – James Farmer; co-founder Black Panther Party ( ) – Left wing organization working for the self-defense of blacks

Goals of the Civil Rights Movement Equality in Education – Brown vs. Board of Education desegregates schools in the United States (1954) Right to vote – Many southern states created literacy tests and poll taxes required in order to register to vote – The federal government had to send troops to southern states to help with registration of African American voters – President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act in 1965; outlawed discriminatory voting practices

Goals… Fair Employment practices – Civil Rights Act of 1964; banned discrimination based on “race, color, religion, or national origin” in employment practices and public accommodations

Key Events Montgomery bus boycott – Montgomery, Alabama; oppose the city’s policy of racial segregation on the public transit system – Began December 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person, until December 20, 1956 U.S. Supreme Court said that Alabama’s segregation laws were unconstitutional (1956)

Key Events Voter Registration drives – Mississippi With the help of the SNCC, CORE, NAACP Blacks in Mississippi exercised their right to vote by registering voters in Mississippi Sit-ins – Is a protest in which people sit in a place and refuse to move until their demands are met. – Greensboro, North Carolina Students sat at a lunch counter for whites only and refused to leave Several other towns in North Carolina and Tennessee saw sit-in demonstrations

Freedom Riders Rode on interstate buses into the segregated southern United States – Began in Washington D.C and ended in Jackson, Mississippi due to violence – Freedom riders challenged segregation laws in southern states Brought national attention to the Southern states disregard for segregation laws passed by the federal government

Urban Riots Led by angry and frustrated blacks – In the Summer of 1967 Riots reached 43 cities 67 people dead 400 injured 7,000 arrested $60 million in damages

Detroit Riot ReM