1. Civil Rights In this chapter you will explore how African Americans rose up against the treatment they had endured for decades and demanded civil rights.

2. Learning Goals Essential Question  In what ways did African Americans fight discrimination during the civil rights era? Objectives  Explain the efforts to end segregation.  Point out the victories of the civil rights movement.  Discuss how the movement changed over time.

4. Taking on Segregation  Thurgood Marshall  Key lawyer of the NAACP & first African American Supreme Court judge  Fought to desegregate schools in Brown v. Board of Education  Rosa Parks  Started Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to sit in the back of bus.  Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr.  Ordained minister, soul & conscious of civil rights movement.  Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee  College students join the movement to try and speed up the changes.  Sit-in  Black and white students would sit at segregated lunch tables and not move unless they were served equally.

5. The Triumphs of a Crusade  Freedom Riders Freedom Riders  Civil rights activists who rode buses through the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation.  Civil Rights Act of 1964  Banned discrimination based on race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most workplaces.  Freedom Summer  1964 project to register African-American voters in Mississippi.  Voting Rights Act of 1965  Law making it easier for African-Americans to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and allowing for federal registration.

6. Challenges & Changes in the Movement  Malcolm X Malcolm X  Islamic leader who wanted to segregate from white America.  Nation of Islam  Whites were the cause of the “black condition” led by Elijah Muhammad and the black Muslims.  Black Panthers Black Panthers  Organization to fight police brutality in the ghetto.  Civil Rights Act of 1968  Banned discrimination in housing.  Affirmative Action  Seeks to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring the groups who were previously disadvantaged.