1. Civil Rights Movement

2. How did it begin? ● Segregation, especially in the South, still existed. ● People were frustrated with a lack of voting rights. ● African Americans had helped in World War II.

3. Brown v. Board of Education 1954 ● Declares that segregated schools are unequal and must desegregate. ● Segregation violates the 14 th amendment. ● Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson case. ● Set the stage for all Civil Rights legislation hereafter.

4. Virginia’s Response to Brown vs. BOE ● Massive Resistance ◦ Closed some schools ● Establishment of private academies ● “White flight” ◦ Whites leave urban school system

5. NAACP ● National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ◦ Challenged segregation in the courts.

6. Prominent Attorneys during the Civil Rights Movement Thurgood Marshall: First African-American to serve on the Supreme Court. Nominated by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967. Was nominated to leader of the legal defense team for the NAACP. Oliver Hill: Civil Rights attorney from Richmond, VA. Very influential on Brown v. Board of Education case. Helped African-Americans attain equal pay and voting rights. NAACP legal defense team leader in Virginia.

7. Montgomery Bus Boycott ● People had been arrested for refusing to give up their seats on buses in Alabama. ◦ Claudette Colvin ◦ Mary Louise Smith ◦ Rosa Parks ● The solution was to stop using public transportation. ● Began: December 5, 1955 ● Economically devastated bus companies. ◦ A majority of their bus riders were African American. ● Ended: December 20, 1956 ◦ Supreme Court ruled segregation illegal on public transportation.

8. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/story/02 _bus.html#video This link will take you to a video about the boycott. If your computer does not have appropriate software you will not be able to view it. Watching the video is not necessary to understanding the boycott.

9. March on Washington 1963 ● Participants in the march were inspired by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I have a dream” speech. ● This march helped to influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation. ● This march also demonstrated the power of nonviolent, mass protest. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/story/ 08_washington.html#video This link will take you to a video about the march. If your computer does not have appropriate software you will not be able to view it. Watching the video is not necessary to understanding the march.

10. Civil Rights Act of 1964 ● Discrimination is prohibited based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. ● Public accommodations are also desegregated. ● President Lyndon B. Johnson passed this legislation.

11. Voting Rights Act of 1965 ● This act outlawed literacy tests. ● Government backed registrars were sent to the South to oversee the registering of voters. ● This act resulted in an increase of African American voters. ● President Lyndon B. Johnson passed this legislation through Congress.