Unit 3 Intro: The Post Classical Era

Byzantium Byzantine: Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire and carried legacy of Roman greatness and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian ( ). Constantinople: Capital of the Byzantine empire and a cultural and economic center. Eastern Orthodox Christianity: Eastern branch of Christianity that evolved following the division of the Roman Empire and the subsequent development of the Byzantine Empire in the east and the medieval European society in the west. The church recognized the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople. Corpus iuris civilis: Body of the Civil Law, the Byzantine emperor Justinian's attempt to codify all Roman law.

Byzantium Empire,

Byzantine Empire, 1100

The Expansive Realm of Islam Islam: Monotheistic religion of the prophet Muhammad ( ); influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture; the Qu'ran is the holy book of Islam. Umayyad: Arabic dynasty ( ), with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east. Abbasid: Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty ( ) that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reaching its peak under Harun al-Rashid. Sunni: "Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared to the Shiite belief that only a descendent of Ali can lead. Shia: Islamic minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; their belief is that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali.

The Expansion of Islam,

The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia: Sui: Dynasty ( ) that constructed Grand Canal, reunified China, and allowed for the splendor of the Tang dynasty that followed. Tang Taizong: Chinese emperor (r ) who founded the Tang dynasty ( ). Song: Chinese dynasty ( ) that was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society. Nara era: Japanese period ( ), centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence. Heian: Japanese period ( ), a brilliant cultural era notable for the world's first novel, Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji. Shintoism: Indigenous Japanese religion that emphasizes purity, clan loyalty, and the divinity of the emperor.

Sui and Tang dynasties, C.E.

Song Dynasty

Funan and Srivijaya, C.E. Angkor, Singosari, and Majapahit, C.E. Chola, Vijayanagar,

India & the Indian Ocean Basin: Funan: An empire spanning the first to the sixth century C.E. in present-day Cambodia and Vietnam that adopted Sanskrit as its official language. Srivijaya: Southeast Asian kingdom ( ), based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade. Chola: Southern Indian Hindu kingdom ( ), a tightly centralized state that dominated sea trade. Angkor: Southeast Asian Khmer kingdom ( ) that was centered around the temple cities of Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat. Sultanate of Delhi: Islamic state in northern India established by Mahmud's successors in 1206 C.E. that began to establish the presence of Islam on the Indian subcontinent. Vijayanagar: Southern Indian kingdom ( ) that later fell to the Mughals.

Early states of southeast Asia: Funan and Srivijaya, C.E.

Major states of postclassical India, C.E.

Later states of southeast Asia: Angkor, Singosari, and Majapahit, C.E.

Trading world of the Indian Ocean basin, C.E.

The Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe, Franks: Germanic people who controlled Gaul following Roman decline and collapse (476). Clovis: (r ) Leader of the Franks whose conversion to Roman Christianity resulted in the Frankish conversion to Christianity. Carolingian Empire: ( ) Royal clan established by Charlemagne, who expanded the Carolingian Empire into Spain, Bavaria, and Northern Italy. Holy Roman Empire: Central and western European kingdom created at the Treaty of Verdun in in 843 and lasting until Benefice: Grant from a lord to a vassal, usually consisting of land, which supported the vassal and signified the relationship between the two. Manor: Large estates of the nobles during the European middle ages, home for the majority of the peasants.

Successor states to the Roman empire, ca 600 C.E.

Carolingian empire, 814 C.E.

Dissolution of the Carolingian empire and the invasions of the early medieval Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries.