1. Unit 2 Review
Expanding Zones of Exchange: Gupta Empire, Tang & Song Dynasties, Byzantine Empire, Islamic Civilization, Medieval Europe & the Crusades

2. Unit 2, Section 1 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Gupta Empire, Tang and Song Dynasties, Byzantine Empire
Gupta Empire of India, Tang and Song Dynasties of China = a time of achievement/learning/good things happening = a “golden age”!

3. The Byzantine Empire – the eastern part of the former Roman empire
Unit 2, Section 1 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Gupta Empire, Tang and Song Dynasties, Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire – the eastern part of the former Roman empire
Constantinople – trading center
Justinian Code – important because it was the basis of legal code for the Byzantine Empire
Preserved Greco-Roman culture
Cultural diffusion to Russia – spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity and the Cyrillic alphabet

4. Unit 2, Section 1 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Gupta Empire, Tang and Song Dynasties, Byzantine Empire
Spread of Islam
632 CE: Mohammad, the founder of Islam, dies
Did not name successor, split between Shi’a (believed caliphs – leaders – must be descended from Mohammed) and Sunni (believed that the first four caliphs were “rightly guided” occurred)
Ummayad and Abbasid Caliphates helped spread Islam across Africa, Asia and Europe
Islam experienced a golden age in the 700s and 800s

5. Muslim Civilization
Art – beautiful writing, patterns, architecture (adapted Byzantine domes and arches), painted people and animals in nonreligious art
Literature – Quran, oral poetry, stories
Learning – Translated Greek writings, developed algebra, observed Earth turning and measured its circumference
Medicine – doctors, hospitals, studied diseases, wrote medical books

6. After the Roman empire collapsed, the Middle Ages began.
Unit 2, Section 1 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Islamic Civilization, Medieval Europe & the Crusades
After the Roman empire collapsed, the Middle Ages began.
It lasted from about 500 to the 1400s in Europe.
Feudalism was the political and social system into which people were organized.

7. Unit 2, Section2 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Islamic Civilization, Medieval Europe & the Crusades
The Feudal System
Decentralized government. Each group of people had responsibilities.
Chivalry: code of behavior that knights had to follow.
A piece of land given in exchange for military service was called a fief.

8. Unit 2, Section2 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Islamic Civilization, Medieval Europe & the Crusades
People lived on manors, where each had a job.
The king owned the manor, the knights protected the king, vassals, and serfs, and the serfs worked the land and had other jobs.
This economic system is called manorialism.

9. Unit 2, Section2 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Islamic Civilization, Medieval Europe & the Crusades
The black plague broke out in It killed almost 25 million people in Europe!
Effects
Population decline
Trade decline
Manor system fell apart – serfs left for more money
Church lost importance
Pessimistic attitude toward life
Causes
Disease carried by fleas on rats
Conditions in Europe
Poor hygiene and health
Poor sanitation
Overcrowded homes

10. The Roman Catholic Church
Unit 2, Section2 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Islamic Civilization, Medieval Europe & the Crusades
The Roman Catholic Church
Performed religious as well as secular (non-religious duties)
Huge cathedrals were built to honor God
The Middle Ages is known as the Age of Faith

11. Unit 2, Section2 – Expanding Zones of Exchange – Islamic Civilization, Medieval Europe & the Crusades
In the 1000s, Muslims invaded and conquered Palestine. This area is very important to both Muslims and Christians. The Christian Church wanted the Muslims out of Palestine, and fought a series of wars called the Crusades,
CAUSES
Christians want to take the Holy Land back from Muslims.
People want to get rich and gain land.
People want to see new places.
EFFECTS
More trade
Muslims/Christians hate each other
Europeans become interested in traveling
CULTURAL DIFFUSION!!!
History’s “most successful failures”