Founder of the De Beers Mining Company. “I think what God would like me to do is paint as much of Africa British Red as possible.” -Cecil Rhodes, Founder of the De Beers Mining Company. Imperialism

"…They resemble us, but in appearance are the colour of pumpkin-porridge… They are rude of manners and without any graces or refinement. They carry a long stick of fire. With this they kill and loot from many nations." -Zulu impression of first white men, taken from Zulu epic poem. Zulu tribe- largest south African ethnic group Mid 1800s

The extension of a nation’s power over other lands. Imperialism French political cartoon from the late 1890s. A pie represents "Chine" (French for China) and is being divided between caricatures of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, William II of Germany (who is squabbling with Queen Victoria over a borderland piece, whilst thrusting a knife into the pie to signify aggressive German intentions), Nicholas II of Russia, who is eyeing a particular piece, the French Marianne (who is diplomatically shown as not participating in the carving, and is depicted as close to Nicholas II, as a reminder of the Franco-Russian Alliance), and the Meiji Emperor of Japan, carefully contemplating which pieces to take. A stereotypical Qing official throws up his hands to try and stop them, but is powerless. It is meant to be a figurative representation of the Imperialist tendencies of these nations towards China during the decade. The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

Why did Europe lead the way in imperialism in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s? Nationalism Unified Euro Nations (France, G.B., Germany, Italy) Build up nations through industrialization Industrialization More natural resources to power industries! Other continents = a fresh supply of resources

Forms of Imperialism Colonies: a settlement of people living in a territory controlled by foreign country by trade and direct government control. -(example: the British in South Africa) Protectorates: a political unit that depends on another government for its protection. -(example: Vietnam to France) Spheres of Influence: an area in which a foreign power has been granted exclusive rights and privileges, such as trading rights and mining privileges. -(example: Germany in China)

What were the effects of New Imperialism? Competition European nations vie for control of Africa & Asia Example: “Scramble for Africa” Spread of European ideals (language, religion, political and economic control) Social Darwinism = an “excuse” for expansion. Social Darwinists argued that social progress came from “the struggle for survival” as the “fit”- the strong- advanced while the weak declined. Resistance to imperialism Inhabitants of colonized nations = angry! Leads to armed conflicts Rise of nationalism from original inhabitants

Other positive and negative impacts… Many Asian, African, and Latin American areas experienced infrastructure improvements i.e. roads, railroads, hospitals, etc. Native populations had access to European technology Sometimes life saving technology! Agricultural Improvements Negative Native culture dies out Language, dress, food gets replaced with European versions European goods replace native goods Native craft and production dies out European agricultural techniques harm environment Native populations exploited

Ethiopia- 10th century BC!!!! Mainly monarchical rule Maintained one of the strongest militaries in Africa Occupied by Italy for a few years, but regained independence When monarchy was overthrown, the country began to spiral into turmoil Since then, has begun building it’s economy up again

Imperialism in Asia 11

What examples of “modern imperialism” exist today?

Imperialism in Africa & Asia Dominated by Europe Christianity missionaries sent to “civilize the uncivilized” through Christianity The Suez Canal was completed by the French in 1869 to connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. American opening of Japan to trade. As European nations raced to claim land in Africa, conflict arose. To settle these conflicts, European nations met in Berlin, Germany in 1884. This meeting became known as the Berlin Conference.