Virginia Company of Plymouth Pilgrims Mayflower Pawtuxet Squanto Government Mayflower Compact William Bradford Economy

Puritans John Winthrop “a city on a hill” Government Commonwealth “Blue laws” The Scarlet Letter Economy farming education

Rhode Island Roger Williams Separation of church and state Anne Hutchinson New Hampshire John Wheelwright Connecticut Rev. Thomas Hooker

 Pequots  very powerful tribe in CT river valley.  1637  Pequot War  Whites attacked Pequot village on Mystic River.  Whites set fire to homes & shot fleeing survivors!  Pequot tribe virtually annihilated  an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years.

 Only hope for Native Americans to resist white settlers was to UNITE.  Metacom [King Philip to white settlers]  King Philip united Indians and staged coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New England.  Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.  He is caught and “drawn & quartered”—end of the war

Maryland Catholics=est. by The Lords Baltimore George Calvert Cecilius Calvert Act of Toleration

New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware

Henry Hudson’s Voyages

Settling the Middle Colonies

New Netherlands Dutch Reformed Church New Sweden Peter Stuyvesant New York The Duke of York

New Netherlands & New Sweden Peter Stuyvesant

So…how did New York get its name? Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York 1664  English soldiers arrived.  Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.  Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot. Renamed “New York”  England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.  England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey Quakers-The Society of Friends William Penn Economy Farming Great cities Philadelphia

The Quakers Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. They offended religious & secular leaders in England.  Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.  They met without paid clergy  Believed all were children of God  refused to treat the upper classes with deference.  Keep hats on.  Addressed them as commoners  ”thees”/“thous.”  Wouldn’t take oaths.  Pacifists.

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

Pennsylvanian Society Attracted many different people  Religious misfits from other colonies.  Many different ethnic groups. No provision for military defense. No restrictions on immigration. No slavery!! “Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc. A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

Urban Population Growth

New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor Many New Englanders [because of worn out soil] moved to NJ.  1674  West NJ sold to Quakers  E & W NJ combined into NJ and created one colony.

Delaware — PA’s Neighbor Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].

Ethnic Groups

Government The first constitution in the colonies Anthony Ashley Cooper John Locke Tried a Feudal system North Carolina (poor) small farmers South Carolina (rich) trading post to plantations rice, cotton, indigo slaves

Settling the “Lower South”

Rice = The primary export. Rice was still considered an exotic food in England.  Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.  Immunity to malaria. By 1710  African slaves were a majority in Carolina. Crops of the Carolinas: Rice & Indigo American Long Grain Rice

Rice & Indigo Exports from SC & GA:

The Emergence of North Carolina  Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina.  Poor farmers with little need for slaves.  Religious dissenters. Distinctive traits of North Carolinians  Irreligious & hospitable to pirates.  Strong spirit of resistance to authority  NC officially separated from SC.

Buffer state Col. James Oglethorpe Debtors colony

18c Southern Colonies

Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:  As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.  Export silk and wine.  A haven for debtors thrown in to prison. Determined to keep slavery out!  Yet…Slavery found in GA by 1750.

The Port City of Savannah Diverse community.  All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration. Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians  most famous was John Wesley (Founder of Methodist church).

 Create an advertisement for your favorite colony. Why should people come to your colony instead of another? What are the benefits and disadvantages of the colony? Since it’s an advertisement, you will want to mention the disadvantages, but downplay their importance!