Ch 8 Background Information Objective 1 - Describe the ideas, practices and documents that shaped American beliefs about government.

Vocabulary Terms constitution constitution republicanism republicanism limited government limited government suffrage suffrage ratification ratification Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation Land Ordinance of 1785 Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance 1787 Northwest Ordinance 1787 Northwest Territory Northwest Territory

English Practices Magna Carta English Bill of Rights Parliament

The Enlightenment During the Enlightenment, philosophers often discussed their ideas at elegant social gatherings. British philosopher John Locke was widely respected. For his idea on “Social Contract”

I. Ideas about Government A. Sources of Inspiration 1.English Law, particularly Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights. 2.Enlightenment ideas, such as John Locke’s belief that a social contract existed between political leaders and the people they ruled. B. American Political Traditions 1.Representative government, including the New England town meeting and legislative assemblies such as the Virginia House of Burgesses. 2.Religious traditions, such as Great Awakening, which may have led colonists to questions political institutions and look for more local control. C. Documents Support Self-Government 1.Mayflower Compact 2.Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, an example of a written constitution- set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of the government. 3.Declaration of Independence

II. The State Constitutions A. Showed the belief in republicanism- support for a system of government in which citizens elect representatives responsible to the people. B. Created limited government- government in which leaders must obey laws and no one has total power. C. Most states constitutions protected citizens’ individual rights, such as trial by jury. 1.Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom promoted separation of church and state to protect religious freedom. 2.Many states constitutions expanded suffrage, or voting rights. 3.Voting rights for men varied from state to state.

-Magna Carta -English Bill of Rights -Parliament -Enlightenment -John Locke -Democracy of the Roman Republic - New England town meetings - Virginia House of Burgesses - Republicanism -limited governments -Religious freedom -The Great Awakening - Virginia Declaration of Rights - Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom -State Constitution/Voting rights - Mayflower Compact - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - Declaration of Independence

Important Questions What ideas influenced American as they planned their new government?  English Law  Enlightenment ideas  American political traditions  documents supporting principles of self government

Important Questions What are some of the rights that state constitutions protect?  Trial by jury  Religious freedom  Right to vote

8.1 Introduction Essential Question - What compromises emerged from the Constitutional Convention?

Members of the Second Continental Congress knew that the former colonies needed to create a central government.

III. Forming a Union A. National Government 1.Created Articles of Confederation, which defined the national powers. 2.Articles created a Confederate Congress, which had limited powers. B. Approval 1.Second Continental passed Articles of Confederate and then sent document to each state legislature for ratification, or approval. 2.Final state, Maryland, ratified Articles of Confederation in March 1781

Western Lands

Important Questions What worried James Madison about the future of the United States?  He worried that the states would not work together. Why did many members of Congress fear a strong central government?  They feared such a government would trample their rights. What were some of the government’s powers under the Articles of Confederation?  Coin and borrow money, declare war, raise army/navy, negotiate treaties, could settle disputes between states, ask states for money and soldiers, set up postal system. What were some of the government’s limitations?  Could not impose taxes, had no president or national court system, had no power to settle disputes, collect money or supply troops.

8.2 Early Quarrels and Accomplishments Objective - Explain what quarrels occurred under Articles of Confederation. - Explain what the Confederate Congress accomplished under Articles of Confederation.

IV. The Northwest Territory A. Western Lands. 1.Confederation Congress planned to sell western lands to raise money. 2.Land ordinance of 1785 set up system for surveying and dividing public lands. B. Northwest Territory of Northwest Ordinance of 1787 created Northwest Territory- included what is now Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin- and its political system. 2.Created a system for adding new states; banned slavery in the Northwest Territory

Northwest Territories

Congress surveyed the land into squares 6 miles on each side. (townships) Land Ordinance of 1785

Each town was divided into 36 smaller sections, 640 acres each. (the cost was a minimum of $1 per acre)

People pooled their money in order to be able to afford a piece of land. Land Ordinance of 1785

Township Map Sargent County, North Dakota

When the population reached 60,000 free citizens, the area could apply for statehood. Ex.) OH, IN, IL, MI, WI Northwest Ordinance (1787) When 5,000 free males of voting age settled an area, it became self- governing. Slavery was outlawed.

Moving West After the Revolutionary War Americans began heading west in greater numbers. Thousands of people settled in the lands of the Northwest Territory. Many of these people were farmers from New England, where good farmland was scarce. As the population of the Northwest Territory grew and the region was divided into states, more settlers came from throughout the nation and from overseas.

Important Questions What were the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?  Created Northwest territory and its political system, created system for forming new states, banned slavery in Northwest Territory

8.1/8.2 Homework Quiz List three documents that were used in creating the Articles of Confederation. List three documents that were used in creating the Articles of Confederation. What was John Locks idea about government and the people? What was John Locks idea about government and the people? List two ideas that state constitutions contributed to the Articles of Confederation. List two ideas that state constitutions contributed to the Articles of Confederation. What were the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? What were the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? Describe the Northwest Territory using geographic features. Describe the Northwest Territory using geographic features.