1. Governing a New Nation Chapter 7, Section 1
What were the major successes and failures of the government under the Articles of Confederation?

2. Vocabulary
Constitution: document stating the rules under which a government will operate
Executive: the person who runs the government and sees that the laws are carried out

3. Government by the States
Governors
Appointed officials
elected state legislatures
Voting
New Jersey (1807)
White males, 21 and older
Own land
Most states did not allow African Americans to vote
1776:n 11 of 13 states wrote constitutions
Rhode Island and Connecticut stayed colonies

4. Protecting Rights
States included a Bill of Rights in their constitutions
Freedom of the press
Right to trial by jury
Ban on “Cruel and unusual punishment”
Freedom of Religion

5. Articles of Confederation
Plan for the whole nation
Adopted in 1777
Only one branch
Congress
One-house legislature
Each state had a single vote

6. Limiting the central government
Did not give a central government much power
Could not regulate trade
Could not collect taxes
Could not enforce laws that they passed
Deal with foreign nations and Native Americans
Make laws
Declare war
Produce money
Borrow money
Run a postal service

8. Settling the Western Lands
Unanimous approval
Had to drop claims
1781- Virginia/Maryland
Land Ordinance of 1785
Townships: six miles on each side
One mile sections- no less than $1/acre
One section was for schools
“If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be.” –Thomas Jefferson

9. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Northwest Territory (north of the Ohio River)
Basic rights for settlers
Banned slavery
Process for admitting new states:
Appoint a governor, secretary, three judges
Elect a legislature (5,000 free adult males)
Ask to become a state (60,000 free people)
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin

10. Geography and History p. 210
Read pages 210 and 211.
Answer the following questions on your notecard:
Why did people begin to settle in the Northwest Territory?
What were the benefits of dividing the territory into grids?

11. Articles of Confederation
Successes
Problems
Gained independence
Negotiated peace treaty
Set up rules for settling new territories
Discouraged trade
Taxes
Printing money
No ability to tax
British, Spanish
Shays’ Rebellion

12. Shays’ Rebellion Economic depression Massachusetts farmers
Crop prices down
Unable to pay taxes
State started to take farms
Farmers wanted states to print more money

13. Shays’ Rebellion August 1786
Daniel Shays– former Revolutionary War captain
1,000 farmers
Attempted to seize arms
State militia
Shays and others were arrested

14. Effects of Shays’ Rebellion
Needed a stronger central government
Congress called for delegates to go to Philidephia
Revise Articles of Confederation

15. Section Quiz tomorrow! How to review: Read over your notes
Answer the section questions on p. 209
Especially numbers 1a, 1b, 2a, 3, 4-6, and 7.
Be able to identify:
Major problems with the Articles of Confederation