Unit 3: Building a New Nation Chapter 8: The Early Republic

The Split Election of 1796 Jefferson & Aaron Burr ran as Republicans Adams & Thomas Pinckney ran as Federalists Federalists were not united Hamilton encouraged Pinckney supporters to cast only one vote (for Pinckney) so Adams wouldn’t get enough votes Adams received the most votes, followed by Jefferson Led to a split administration

XYZ Affair The revolutionary govt. in France tried to influence American voting by favoring the Republican candidates When Adams was elected, the French broke off relations with the U.S. Angry, Adams sent Federalist Charles Cotesworth Pinckney to Paris French foreign minister Talleyrand declined to receive Pinckney & his peace delegation

XYZ Affair Instead, they were approached by three go- betweens, later referred to as X, Y, & Z & offered a bribe Congress created the Dept. of the Navy & a standing army Sea battles in what became known as the Quasi- War led to the loss of many vessels on both sides In 1800, the new French govt. under Napoleon signed a treaty & peace was restored

Repression & Protest Election in 1798 increased Federalist majorities in both houses in Congress Federalists proposed new laws to destroy all opposition & weaken political activities by immigrants The Alien Acts Naturalization Act Alien Act Alien Enemies Act

Repression & Protest To try & weaken the Republican press, they passed the Sedition Act Republicans claimed that the Alien & Sedition Acts violated the Bill of Rights Congress ignored them, so they took their case to the state govts.

Repression & Protest In the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions, Madison & Jefferson claimed that states have the right to overrule the federal govt. No other states adopted this, & the issue died

The Revolution of 1800 Election of 1800 had the same candidates as in 1796 Jefferson & Burr received the same number of votes, so the selection went to the House Hamilton threw his support for Jefferson Increased ill will between Hamilton & Burr Significance – nonviolent transfer of power from one party to another 12 th Amendment – requires separate balloting in the E. C. for the Pres. & Vice Pres.

The Marshall Court The Judiciary Act of 1801 created 16 new federal judgeships, which were filled by loyal Federalists John Marshall, Adams Sec. of State, was appointed Chief of the S.C. In Marbury v. Madison (1803), Marshall dismissed Marbury’s suit & set the precedent for judicial review – the S.C. has the final authority in determining the meaning of the Constitution

The Louisiana Purchase (1803) In 1800, Napoleon traded French land in southern Europe to Spain in exchange for Spain’s land in N. America U.S. purchased it for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S.

Exploration of the L.P. Before Napoleon’s offer, Jefferson had authorized an expedition to explore western territory to the Pacific The Lewis & Clark group left St. Louis in 1804 & returned 2 ½ years later Primary mission was to note the people who lived there & to chart waterways Aided by Sacajawea Returned with scientific info, knowledge of the people, & maps

African Americans in Jefferson’s Republic Believed blacks were inferior to whites Felt blacks & whites couldn’t live together Free blacks did not achieve equality They began to form their own institutions

Jefferson’s Indian Policy Didn’t think they were inferior to Europeans Created govt.-owned trading posts for Indians to acquire goods Encouraged Indians to relocate to reservations