How did Andrew Jackson’s election break with the politics of the past? What are the major domestic and political issues of the Jackson Era?

Election of no winner of electoral college -John Q. Adams chosen over Jackson as President Clay pulls for Adams b/c he agreed to back American System -Called corrupt bargain because Jackson had won the popular vote! - Clay also given the position of Secretary of State -Jackson’s supporters formed the Democratic Party and opposed Adams’ policies

Election of high voter turnout b/c voting requirements had been lowered -previous voting laws had limited voting to property owning white males **New Voting Requirements = ALL white men age 21+ -Jackson appealed to the “Common Man” -Jackson becomes first western President (TN) Jackson re-elected first use of national nominating conventions

Jackson’s Presidency -”Common Man”’s President -humble origins, “Old Hickory” - not well educated, war hero -creation of the Spoils System: incoming officials fill positions with friends and supporters “kitchen cabinet”: Jackson’s friends who became his primary advisors – NOT his “official” cabinet -greater democracy, but women and minorities still ignored -Great Silence over the issue of slavery

Nullification Crisis -debate over high tariffs (North favors high tariff) -Tariff of Abominations—1828 placed high tariff on goods, British reduced import of cotton hurting the South -John C. Calhoun -theory of nullification: state right to void a law Calhoun’s “S.C. Exposition and Protest” -S.C. threatens secession STATES RIGHTS v. FEDERAL POWER -Jackson threatens the use of force -Henry Clay organizes a compromise

Indian Policy -different views about Indian policy Majority of whites want the Indian land -Indian Removal Act, 1830 Jackson states assimilation can’t work, move Indians to their own territory in the west -Cherokee takes the issue to the Supreme Court and wins -Worchester v. Georgia -Jackson ignores the court and orders removal -Trail of Tears, 1838 forced removal of Cherokee, 25% die

Indian Policy Majority of whites want Indian land -Indian Removal Act, 1830 Jackson believes assimilation can’t work - federal government provided funds to negotiate treaties to force Native Americans move west -Cherokee takes the issue to the Supreme Court and wins! -Worchester v. Georgia: ruled Georgia not entitled to regulate the Cherokee, nor invade their lands -Jackson ignores the court and orders removal

Indian Policy - Trail of Tears, 1838 forced removal of Cherokee, 25% die

Indian Policy

National Bank -Jackson disliked the Bank of the U.S. -thought it was an abuse of power and served the wealthy first -thought it lacked the constitutional ability to exist Time to renew the bank-- -Jackson vetoed the new charter for the bank and withdrew all gov’t funds -Jackson placed gov’t funds in favored state banks which critics called the “Pet Banks” which led to a monetary crisis

Van Buren Martin Van Buren was elected after Jackson (Democrat) -suffered b/c of Jackson’s bank policies -Panic of 1837 left many in bad economic situations - Many banks closed - Bankrupted businesses - More than 1/3 of population unemployed -Newly formed Whig party gains strength, oppose Jackson, favor American system (leaders included Henry Clay, John Q. Adams, Daniel Webster)

Harrison and Tyler - War hero William Henry Harrison becomes first Whig President and he wants to enact the American System - ran on the slogan: “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!” - Harrison dies 1 month into office (from pneumonia) -John Tyler is first V.P. to become President -on ballot to pick-up Southern votes, his goals do not match Whig party goals

Review Questions What two politicians were elected president after campaigning as the candidate of the “common man”? a. John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson b. William Henry Harrison and John Tyler c. Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison d. Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay

What part of the national government did Andrew Jackson feel was bad for the nation? a. Judicial Review b. National Bank c. American System d. Spoils System

What issue was brought to the surface by the Tariffs of 1828? a. state vs. federal power b. checks and balances c. imperialism d. taxing of southern exports

What federal act led South Carolina to call a state convention to nullify it? a. Indian Removal Act b. The Stamp Act c. The Tariff of 1828 d. The Homestead Act

Which best describes the idea behind a claim that a state can cancel a federal law that it considers unconstitutional? A. secession B. nullification C. abolition D. compromise

How are the changes in the suffrage requirements best summarized in the during the Jackson Era? A. only males could vote B. only white males could vote C. only white males owning property could vote D. only white men and women could vote

How can the moving of Native Americans from their lands best be assessed? A. as unjust B. as unnecessary C. as good diplomacy for the nation D. as beneficial to Native Americans

Which reason best explains why the theory of nullification was widely supported in the South? a. Southerners believed states had the right to determine whether federal laws were constitutional b. Southerners wanted to continue buying manufactured goods from Britain c. Southerners wanted to divide the U.S. into two separate countries d. Southerners did not want to pay the high tariffs passed by Congress

What was Jackson’s reasons for opposing the Second Bank of the U.S.? a. Jackson liked big banks, just not the Bank of the U.S. b. He saw it as a tool of the upper classes and a threat to democracy c. He didn’t like the manager of the bank d. His family had lost all of its savings when the first national bank closed

How did the Cherokee react to the Indian Removal Act? a. The Cherokee decided to move to the Oklahoma Territory on their own accord b. They tried to assassinate Andrew Jackson c. The Cherokee refused to accept the decision of the Courts to uphold the Act d. They appealed to the U.S. courts in the case Worchester v. Georgia

What is the spoils system? a. A policy developed by Harrison to determine what land the Indians received b. A policy of giving the worst jobs to the losers in the government c. A policy of treating all employees equally d. A policy of giving appointed positions to one’s friends and supporters

What impact did the Panic of 1837 have on the election of 1840? a. It gave more power to the Whig Party, leading to Harrison’s election b. Van Buren had to fight harder, but still won the election c. The Democratic Party dissolved completely d. None of the above