ESSAYS DUE AT 8:40 AM IN CLASS ON 19 NOVEMBER 2014 –NOTHING CLINICAL AND NOTHING RELATING TO PATHOLOGY NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES

Final exam-120 multiple choice-120 marks from vitamins to end of course -4 short answer questions-15 points each for a total of 60 points covers whole course -3 hours- 180 marks PLEASE SEE EXAM REGULATIONS ON: faculty.cbu.ca/ebarre

Beta carotene-fat soluble Lecture 10a- 10 November 2014 This lecture is based largely on Chapter 7, 12, 14, 15,16 in Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition by Rolfes et al.

Lecture November 2013 Outline Water -role in metabolism -role in metabolic regulation

Outline of lecture 10 Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Infancy Early Childhood Adolescence Adulthood

More Detailed Comments Water -role in metabolism -carries nutrients and waste products throughout the body -maintains structure of large molecules like proteins and glycogen

Water -role in metabolism -participates in metabolic reactions- eg hydrolysis (eg protein catabolism), or product of metabolism (metabolic sink)(eg when hydrogen joins with oxygen as part of electron transport chain processes) -solvent (provides medium for reactions) -regulation of body temperature -maintains blood volume

Water -class exercise -explain each role in metabolic regulation

Break

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy foetal growth and development -folate supplementation -prevent neural tube defects -one month before conception- why?

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy foetal growth and development folate supplementation -0.8 to 4 mg supplements -if have had previous neural tube baby then 4 mg supplements may be recommended - require a prescription as high folate intake may mask pernicious anemia of a vitamin B 12 deficiency

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy critical periods -maternal anemia during critical growth period of placental growth alters pattern of blood vessel growth which may affect cardiovascular health of infant

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy critical periods -infant beta cell development-poor maternal nutrition during critical period of beta cell development (12 weeks gestation to 5 months post delivery) may cause diabetes particularly if person eats in overabundance in later life

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy weight prior to conception-underweight mother -underweight mother leads to greater chance of a low birthweight infant especially if mother is unable to gain sufficient weight during the pregnancy

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy weight prior to conception-underweight mother -as well rates of preterm births and infant deaths are higher for underweight women

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy weight prior to conception-overweight mother overweight mother leads to greater chance of her experiencing gestational diabetes, hypertension and post-partum infections and of having a stillborn and/or other labour and delivery complications

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy weight prior to conception-overweight mother -as well infants tend to be larger and have greater risk of poor health(including neural tube defects) and death than do normal weight infants -never try to lose weight during pregnancy- lose appropriately pre- conception or post-delivery

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy weight gain during pregnancy underweight lbs correct weight lbs overweight lbs obese 15 lbs minimum

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy energy add 100 kcal per day trimester 1 add 300 kcal per trimesters 2 and 3 pregnant teenagers, underweight and physically active women may require more

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs fig 14-10

Fig , p. 489

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs carbohydate- ideally 250 or more grams per day and no less than 100 grams per day

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs protein add 5 grams per day trimester 1 add 20 grams per day trimester 2 add 25 grams per day trimester 3

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs protein most people have enough protein to begin with in their diet to meet these protein requirements

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs protein do NOT use high protein supplements during pregnancy-chance of low birthweights, pre-term births and still borns

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha-linolenic- brain growth and development, visual acuity fish oil supplements are not recommended -possibility of toxins and effect on pregnancy is not known

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs -folate, B 12, iron and zinc as well as vitamin D and calcium require particular attention

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy common nutrition related concerns of pregnancy -nausea, constipation, haemorrhoids, heartburn, food cravings and aversions, non food-cravings (pica)

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy malnutrition and pregnancy -malnutrition can lead to reduced fertility for males and females -malnutrition prior to pregnancy- prevent placenta from developing properly with subsequent potential for physical and cognitive abnormalities on the part of the infant

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy infants birthweight -low- premature-can catch up -have easier time catching up in growth development if their post-delivery nutrition is good -less than gestational age- have tougher time catching up in growth development even if their post-delivery nutrition is good

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy mothers age -adolescence- immaturity may lead to poor food choices with subsequent foetal risk -weight gain of 35 lbs for normal weight female

Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy practices incompatible with pregnancy alcohol and herbal supplements and nutraceuticals

Break