SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter Eight: Deviance and Social Control This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon “It is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant.” Howard Becker, 1966 What is Deviance?

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Relative Deviance  What is Deviant to Some is not Deviant to Others  “Deviance” is Nonjudgmental Term What is Deviance?

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Crime  Violation of Norms as Laws  Deviance  Violation of Rules or Norms  Stigma  Blemishes on “Normal” Identity Deviance Terminology

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  No Norms - Social Chaos  Social Control  Group’s Formal and Informal Means of Enforcing Norms Norms Make Social Life Possible

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Negative Sanctions  Positive Sanctions Sanctions

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Shaming is a Sanction  Can Be Centerpiece of Public Ritual  Degradation Ceremony Shaming and Degradation Ceremonies

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Sociobiology  Look for Answers Inside Individuals  Genetic Predispositions Explanations of Deviance

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Psychology  Focuses on Abnormalities Within Individuals  Personality Disorders  Deviant Personalities Explanations of Deviance

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Sociology  Look for Answers Outside Individuals  Social Class Explanations of Deviance

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Families  Friends, Neighbors  Subculture  Prison or Freedom? Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Differential Association Theory Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Differential Association Theory

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Inner Controls  Morality  Conscience  Religious Principles Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Outer Controls  Attachments  Commitments  Involvements  Beliefs that Actions are Morally Wrong Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Focuses on the Significance of Labels  Labels Become Part of Self-Concept  Propel Towards or Away from Deviance Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Denial of Responsibility  Denial of Injury  Denial of a Victim Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Condemnation of Condemners  Appeal to Higher Loyalties Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Embracing Labels—Outlaw Bikers  The Power of Labels—Saints and Roughnecks Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Clarifies Moral Boundaries and Affirms Norms  Promotes Social Unity  Promotes Social Change Functionalist Perspective Can Deviance Be Functional? Functionalist Perspective Can Deviance Be Functional?

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Social Values Produce Deviance  Cultural Goals  Institutional Means  Strain Leads to Anomie Functionalist Perspective Strain Theory Functionalist Perspective Strain Theory

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Innovators  Ritualism  Retreatism  Rebellion Functionalist Perspective Four Deviant Paths Functionalist Perspective Four Deviant Paths

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Unequal Access to Institutional Means to Success  Street Crime  White-Collar Crime  Gender and Crime Functionalist Perspective Illegitimate Opportunity Structures Functionalist Perspective Illegitimate Opportunity Structures

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System  Power and Inequality  The Law as an Instrument of Oppression The Conflict Perspective

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Street Crime and Prisons Reaction to Deviance

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Recidivism Reaction to Deviance  Street Crime and Prisons  The Decline of Crime

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Recidivism  The Death Penalty Bias Reaction to Deviance  Street Crime and Prisons  The Decline of Crime

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Legal Change  Trouble with Statistics  Medicalization of Deviance  Neither Mental nor Illness?  Homeless Mentally Ill  Need for More Humane Approach Reaction to Deviance