THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (1550 – 1700) In the mid-1500s, scientists begin to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation

The Roots of Modern Science Between 600 B.C. and 200 A.D. Greek scientist used reason, or LOGICAL THOUGHT, to develop ideas on how the world worked. This was called RATIONALISM GEOCENTRIC THEORY is the belief that the sun, the moon, and the other planet revolved around the Earth. Geo = Earth Centric = Center Aristotle

GREEK MATHEMATICS (before the Scientific Revolution) Pythagoras (mathematician) The Pythagorean Theorem is named after him HARMONY – the idea of things combining well with each other to form a whole Euclid (mathematician) Agreed with what Pythagoras said and he studied shapes (like circles and triangles) He was the one of the founders of geometry Al-Khwarizmi developed algebra Pythagorean Theorem

GREEK MEDICINE (before the Scientific Revolution) Hippocrates (doctor) is known as the father of modern medicine Galen (doctor) studied anatomy and was known to dissect people to gain knowledge of medicine and the human body ANATOMY – the structure of living things DISSECTION – cutting open plants and animals to look at their parts

More Roots of Modern Science A New Way of Thinking Renaissance prompts new ways of thinking ( ) SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION —new way of viewing the natural world—based on observation and inquiry New discoveries, overseas exploration open up thinking Scholars make new developments in astronomy and mathematics.

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS Developed the HELIOCENTRIC THEORY (Belief that the planets revolve around the sun) Later scientist Johannes Kepler mathematically prove Copernicus to be correct Nicolaus Copernicus

GALILEO GALILEI Challenged classical ideas the brought him in conflict with the church. Makes key advances in astronomy; creates the refractor telescope to look at the stars Supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory Did live experiments to prove his points (like dropping two objects of different weights at the same time) Galileo Galilei

Conflict with the Church Church attacks Galileo’s work, fears it will weaken people’s faith Pope forces Galileo to declare his and other new findings are wrong Cristiano Banti's 1857 painting Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition

SIR ISAAC NEWTON Developed the LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION (all physical objects were affected by gravity that tends to draw objects toward each other) Isaac Newton in 1689

The Scientific Method Francis Bacon ( ) René Descartes ( )

SIR FRANCIS BACON & RENE DESCARTES Thinkers Bacon and Descartes help to create scientific method Bacon urges scientists to experiment and observation before drawing conclusions to understand the world Descartes advocates questioning of the recognized authorities (the church) and that everything should be doubted until proven through reason “I think therefore I am”

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Sir Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes) A Logical Approach Believes that scientists should use experiments and observation rather than abstract reasoning to understand the world.

Inventions of the Scientific Revolution Microscope Thermometer Calculator Refractor Telescope Submarine