1. The Scientific Revolution
7.59 Describe the roots of the Scientific Revolution based upon Christian and Muslim influences.
7.60 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources explaining the significance of new scientific theories, the accomplishments of leading figures including Sir Frances Bacon, Nicolaus Copernicus, Rene Descartes, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and Sir Isaac Newton, and new inventions, including the telescope, microscope, thermometer, and barometer.

2. The Birth of Modern Science
In between there were a series of events (or new thoughts)
These events led to the birth of modern science
Or the Scientific Revolution
A handful of brilliant individuals laid the foundation for science as we know it
Often considered the MOST IMPORTANT event in human history

3. Before the Revolution
Everything was based off of what the ancient Greeks or Romans said
Catholic Church also was responsible for explaining everything
Most “known” things were based on the Bible or Biblical teachings
New ideas were often quickly put down by the Catholic Church

4. After the Revolution Explanations became less “faith” based
Based more on observations and experiments
Theories had to be tested to see if they were true
One could not just bring a new idea and say it’s true
You had to prove it

5. Roots of the Revolution
Greek Thinkers were the early scientists
They only believed things that they could observe or test
Aristotle for example
His idea was that people should observe the world and draw LOGICAL conclusions about what they see

6. Greece Greek thinkers were rationalist
People who look at the world in a rational, logical way
Now not all Greek thinkers were right
Ptolemy thought the Earth was the center of the universe
They did however try to explain what they were observing and did not take it on faith alone

7. Muslims
Muslims aided in the Scientific Revolution by preserving Greek writings
During the Middle Ages most Greek writing in Europe was destroyed
They studied the Greek writings and added their own ideas
It was later brought back to Europe so that new scientists could study

8. Renaissance New thinking in the Renaissance helped also Humanism
Now people are getting away from the thinking that everything is religious based
People want answers as to why things are the way they are and “because God made it that way” is no longer a good enough answer

9. Greed Believe it or not greed played a role too
Many people believed that there was a way to turn metal into Gold
This is called Alchemy
Although it’s not possible it did become a forerunner into modern chemistry

11. Important Scientists/Thinkers of the Scientific Revolution

12. Discovery leads to doubt
For centuries people took the church at its word or took the word of the Ancient Greeks
That was until Christopher Columbus came around
In 1492 he sailed west hoping to reach Asia
He took along the map of Ptolemy
He ran into North America instead

14. The doubt Ptolemy’s map didn’t have these new lands on them
He was considered the authority on Geography and maps
If he was wrong, what other Greek ideas could be wrong too???
It turns out a lot!!!

15. Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged Ptolemy’s idea that the earth was the center of the universe
As he studied movements of the planets he figured out that the earth orbited the sun
Wrote a book about his findings
On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres
This book was put on the “bad” list by the pope
It went against what the church taught
Considered the beginning of the Scientific Revolution

17. Johannes Kepler
Challenged the idea that planetary orbits were circular
Said they moved in an oval shape
Helped to prove Copernicus’ theory

19. Galileo Galilei
First scientist to study the planets using the telescope
Discovered four moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn
Also interested in how objects fall
His work was later used by Isaac Newton to develop his Laws of Gravity
Was the first scientist to use experiments to test his theories

20. Galileo falling object experiment on moon

21. Sir Isaac Newton Probably one of the greatest scientists every
First scientist to review the work of previous scientists and add his own ideas
Law of Gravity
Laws of Motion
Invented Calculus

22. Calculus Problem

23. Rene Descartes Was a French philosopher
Believed nothing should be accepted as true if it can’t be proven as true
Why we have theories and laws in Science

24. Sir Francis Bacon Was an English philosopher
Believed scientists should observe the world and gather data
Should conduct experiments
Develop theories to explain their data
Sounding familiar???
It’s the SCIENTIFC METHOD!!!

25. New Inventions of the Scientific Revolution
Microscope
Allowed us to see the world of cells and bacteria

26. Microscopes

27. New Inventions of the Scientific Revolution
Microscope
Allowed us to see the world of cells and bacteria
Thermometers
Used to measure temperature

28. Thermometer

29. New Inventions of the Scientific Revolution
Microscope
Allowed us to see the world of cells and bacteria
Thermometers
Used to measure temperature
Telescope
Used to study astronomy

30. Telescope

31. New Inventions of the Scientific Revolution
Microscope
Allowed us to see the world of cells and bacteria
Thermometers
Used to measure temperature
Telescope
Used to study astronomy
Barometer
Used to measure air pressure
Helps us forecast weather

32. Barometer