8.L.5 Understand the composition of various substances as it relates to their ability to serve as a source of energy and building materials for growth and repair of organisms 8.L.5.1 Summarize how food provides the energy and the molecules required for building materials, growth and survival of all organisms (to include plants)

TLW describe food, analyze its molecular components and explain how it is used by living things.

Warm-Up Update your Table of Contents Write your homework – leave it to be stamped On page 8 answer: – Your cells can’t eat a hotdog, so what do they do? DateSession # ActivityPage # 2/255 What is Food? 8 The Simple Story of How Food Becomes Energy 9

Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

Photosynthesis Starting Materials ProcessProducts  Energy (sunlight)  Carbon Dioxide  Water The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and makes food  Sugars  Oxygen

Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs Ex: animals and most microorganisms

Cellular Respiration Starting Materials ProcessProducts  Sugars  Oxygen The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy  Energy (ATP)  Carbon Dioxide  Water

HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER: IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENDOTHERMIC OR EXOTHERMIC? WHAT ABOUT CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes, but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods…BUT HOW & WHERE DO THEY GET IT?

Carbohydrates (Sugar) Lipids (Fats) Proteins Water, vitamins and minerals are not a source of energy, but are also necessary for an organism to function Nutrients – substances in food that provides body with raw materials and energy to carry out essential processes

Minerals and Vitamins These are not food, but are necessary for organisms to carry out biological processes. Minerals: (not made by living things) Ca (calcium): used for muscle movement, for nerves to carry messages between the brain and every body part, for structural strength of bones and teeth Iron: needed by red blood cells to carry oxygen, used by muscles to store oxygen. Salt (NaCl): needed to help maintain correct fluid levels, transfer information in muscle and nerve fibers Vitamins: (made by living things) most vitamins function as catalysts for reactions within the body. Many of the enzymes in your body don’t “work” unless their physical structure is changed by a vitamin

Food’s Pathway to Energy Does your body get the same thing from every type of nutrient?

Carbohydrates Energy rich C, H, and O Simple sugars - glucose Complex carbohydrates – made up of many simple sugars attached to each other – Starch – potatoes, rice – Cellulose – make up plant cell walls Found in cell membranes, other cell parts, and store energy

Lipids (Fats) Contain more than 2x the energy of carbohydrates Store energy Protect internal organs Insulate the body

Proteins For tissue growth and repair Enzymes speed up chemical reactions Can be used for energy, but not as typical

Lipid Molecules (Fats) Protein molecule Carbohydrate molecule (Sugar)

The Simple Story of How Food Becomes Energy 1.How is the food you just put in your mouth being broken down so your cells can actually use it as energy? 2. Once it is small enough to be used by a cell what happens on the cellular level?

You are part of a group of illustrators that work for a children’s book company. You have been hired to illustrate a book for elementary students about what happens to food when you eat it. You will choose a specific type of nutrient (carbohydrate, fat, etc..) to focus on. Using your knowledge from this lesson, create a page for the book that illustrates: – The pathway from your mouth to your cells – how is it used to create energy? – The source of your nutrient – Why it is important to your body – in other words, what does it provide for you? Assignment: Select which of the 5 major nutrients you will use for your book page.

Some Examples sbiology2/wiki/67628/Adventures_of_the_Dig estive_System_Childrens_Books.html

Warm-Up Update your Table of Contents Write your homework – leave it to be stamped Review your notes for 5 minutes to prepare for your Biology Practice Quiz DateSession # ActivityPage # 2/276 Biology Practice Test 10 Cell Layered Review 11

Cell Layered Review Based on how you do on your Biology Practice Quiz, decide which activity best suits what you need to review Cell Layered Review can be kept and used to study & checked on Friday even though you should finish today in class