LISTENING Notes from Speech: Exploring Communication (Chapter 3) Are you listening; or do you only hear what I am saying?

Definitions Hearing is the reception of sound. Hearing is the reception of sound. Listening means that we understand and interpret sound in a meaningful way. Listening means that we understand and interpret sound in a meaningful way.

Why should we listen? We will avoid misunderstandings. We will avoid misunderstandings. We get along better with others. We get along better with others.

Why should we listen? We will learn more about the world. We will learn more about the world. We will be more successful in school and on the job. We will be more successful in school and on the job.

Barriers to Listening…… Anything that blocks or distorts a message that a speaker is trying to get across to a listener is a barrier Anything that blocks or distorts a message that a speaker is trying to get across to a listener is a barrier Environmental Room temperature Noise nearby Within the speaker Speakers voice (good or bad)

More barriers… Daydreaming Daydreaming Close-mindedness Close-mindedness Overemphasizing the source (we pay more attention when we respect the speaker.) Overemphasizing the source (we pay more attention when we respect the speaker.) Listen only to what is easy to understand. Listen only to what is easy to understand.

Solutions Within the speaker – remind ourselves to listen to the message. Within the speaker – remind ourselves to listen to the message. Instead of daydreaming – ask yourself questions, summarize main points. Instead of daydreaming – ask yourself questions, summarize main points. Try to be open minded. Try to be open minded. Analyze your feelings about a speaker. Analyze your feelings about a speaker. Challenge yourself to listen to more difficult material. Challenge yourself to listen to more difficult material.

Become an ACTIVE LISTENER

Prepare to Listen Arrive on time Arrive on time Get plenty of rest Get plenty of rest Know the topic beforehand Know the topic beforehand read ahead in your classes

Expand your vocabulary Look up words you don’t know Participate in Word of the Day (even when speech class is over)

Apply the message to yourself Ask yourself these questions – Ask yourself these questions – Do I believe what the speaker is saying?Do I believe what the speaker is saying? How can I put this information to use?How can I put this information to use? Do I feel differently about this subject than the speaker does?Do I feel differently about this subject than the speaker does?

Pick Out the Central Ideas Don’t waste time trying to remember all the details. Don’t waste time trying to remember all the details. Pay close attention to the introduction and conclusion where main ideas are mentioned. Pay close attention to the introduction and conclusion where main ideas are mentioned. Listen for words such as “first”, “most important”, “to summarize”. Listen for words such as “first”, “most important”, “to summarize”. Take notes in an outline form. Take notes in an outline form. Cornell (?)Cornell (?)

Provide Feedback to the Speaker Give eye contact Smile or laugh when appropriate Ask questions to confirm you heard correctly (especially important in an informal setting) Sit upright Lean forward

Remember what you hear… Decide what is important to remember. Decide what is important to remember. Sometimes we have to find good reasons to remember. Sometimes we have to find good reasons to remember. Use process of association – connect new information with something we already know. Use process of association – connect new information with something we already know.

Critical Listening One who analyzes and interprets messages carefully. One who analyzes and interprets messages carefully. Watch for logical fallacies. Watch for logical fallacies. False method of reasoning.False method of reasoning. Don’t believe everything you hear.Don’t believe everything you hear.

Logical Fallacies Name calling – a speaker gives a person or idea a bad label without providing evidence. Name calling – a speaker gives a person or idea a bad label without providing evidence.

Logical Fallacies Card Stacking – a speaker only presents evidence that support the point he is trying to make rather than presenting all of the evidence. Card Stacking – a speaker only presents evidence that support the point he is trying to make rather than presenting all of the evidence.

Logical Fallacies Bandwagon Technique – everyone is doing it or believes it so you should too. Bandwagon Technique – everyone is doing it or believes it so you should too.

Logical Fallacies Hasty Generalization – a speaker does not have enough evidence to support the broad conclusion that is drawn. Hasty Generalization – a speaker does not have enough evidence to support the broad conclusion that is drawn.

We must remember to…. Consider the source. What are the motives, biases, backgrounds, and viewpoints of the speaker. Consider the source. What are the motives, biases, backgrounds, and viewpoints of the speaker. Recognize nonverbal cues. Does the speakers nonverbal communication match the verbal communication? Recognize nonverbal cues. Does the speakers nonverbal communication match the verbal communication? Use feedback to check the message. Restate what you think the speaker said. Use feedback to check the message. Restate what you think the speaker said.

Group Activity With your base support group, please create a poster that explains some aspect of listening that you have learned about today. You may draw pictures or cut pictures out of magazines. When completed, all groups will present their posters to the class. Everyone must explain some part of the poster. With your base support group, please create a poster that explains some aspect of listening that you have learned about today. You may draw pictures or cut pictures out of magazines. When completed, all groups will present their posters to the class. Everyone must explain some part of the poster.