LB Pearson High School Gr. 9 Healthy Sexuality

Instructions Complete the booklet using the slides provided in this Powerpoint. Not all of the answers are simply given to you – you may have to use your brain for a few If you are unsure – ask the person beside you. If you are both unsure – take an educated guess and move on. Once you are completed – use the website sexualityandu.ca to search for any answers you may still needsexualityandu.ca The next slide is considered Slide #1

Unintended pregnancies with various contraceptive methods Numbers given are pregnancies for every 1000 women during first year of use Unintended Pregnancies

F e m a l e r e p r o d u c t i v e s y s t e m Fallopian tube Ovaries Uterus Cervix Vagina

F e m a l e r e p r o d u c t i v e s y s t e m Fallopian tube Ovary Uterus Bladder Clitoris Urethra Vagina Cervix Rectum

F e m a l e menstrual c y c l e

BIRTH CONTROL

How Does Hormonal Contraception Work How does it work?  A woman will introduce levels of hormones into her body that will trick her body into thinking it’s already pregnant  When a woman is pregnant, the body then makes the following changes to prevent her from getting pregnant again 1. Prevents the ovary from releasing an egg 2. Thickens the cervical mucus making it difficult for sperm to get to the egg 3. Changes the lining of the uterus making implantation difficult

Common Forms of Hormonal Contraception The Pill – Prescribed by a Physician Must be taken Daily Failure Rate 80/1000 The Patch – Worn by Female discreetly Must be replaced Weekly Failure Rate 80/1000 The Ring - Inserted into Vagina Must be replaced Monthly Failure Rate 80/1000 The Needle -Must be injected by Doctor Must be done 4X a year Failure Rate 30/1000

Side-Effects of Hormonal Contraception Side effects that may occur during the first few months on hormonal contraception include :  irregular bleeding, spotting  nausea  mood swings  bloating  breast tenderness  Headaches Reason:  The body is getting used to birth control  Fluctuating hormone levels when you start When will it stop?  Most symptoms are normal and will decrease or stop in the first 2-3 months. If they bother you or don’t get better:  There might be a method that’s better suited for your partner.

F e m a l e b a r r i e r m e t h o d s How do they work? A pelvic examination by a qualified health care professional is required for fitting diaphragms and cervical caps When positioned properly, they block the entry to the uterus so sperm cannot enter and fertilize the egg Failure rate: per 1000 women per year What are they? Intravaginal barrier methods that are used together with a spermicide The diaphragm is a latex dome with a flexible steel ring around its edge (a non-latex diaphragm is also available) The cervical cap is thimble-shaped silicone cap Positioned into the vagina (diaphragm) or over the cervix (cervical cap) before intercourse Must be left in the vagina for 6–8 hours after intercourse Cervical Cap Diaphragm Diaphragm and Cervical Cap

Other Forms of Female Contraception Permanent Sterilization (‘having tubes tied’) What is it? A surgical procedure to close or block the fallopian tubes Fallopian tubes may be blocked by using one of the following: A clip or a ring Cautery (an electric current) Removing a small piece of each tube Hysteroscopy for the insertion of tubal plugs (Essure) How does it work? The fallopian tube is blocked and therefore the sperm and egg cannot meet Failure rate: 5 per 1000 women per year

Female Contraception Questions to Ponder Which form of female birth control do you think would be best for girls in high school? Would you trust a girl if she told you she was on the pill?

M a l e r e p r o d u c t i v e s y s t e m Seminal vesicles Vas deferens Prostate gland Penis Epididymis Testicle

How does it work? Fits over the erect penis Acts as a physical barrier preventing direct genital contact and the exchange of genital fluids, so the sperm does not enter the uterus and fertilize the egg Failure rate: 150 per 1000 women per year What is it? A soft disposable sheath Available in various shapes, sizes, thicknesses, colours and flavours Most are latex, but non-latex condoms are also available in polyurethane, silicone, and lambskin M a l e b a r r i e r m e t h o d s Male Condom

M a l e s t e r i l i z a t i o n Vasectomy What is it? A surgical procedure to close or block the vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm to the penis) How does it work? The vas deferens are closed so that no sperm is released to fertilize the egg Common techniques include: Conventional vasectomy – one or two incision are made in the scrotum to reach the vas deferens No-scalpel vasectomy – a puncture opening is made in the scrotum Vas deferens are closed by: Electric current (cauterization) A mechanical method, such as a clip Removal of a small segment of each tube Another form of contraception is required until a semen analysis shows no sperm Failure rate: 1.5 per 1000 women per year Urethra Site of Vasectomy Vas deferens

S T I p r e v e n t i o n MethodSTI protection Oral contraceptivesno Transdermal patchno Vaginal Ringno Injectable contraceptiveno Female sterilizationno Diaphragm and cervical caplimited Sponge and spermicideslimited Male condomyes with latex condoms* Male sterilizationno * Remember that no method of protection from STIs is perfect. Some STIs can be passed through skin-to-skin contact.

So What??? Answer the Questions on your Exit Pass Use full sentences and be sure to explain your thinking

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