Far & Away Why did Shannon and Joseph come to America? Describe Boston, what impressions did the video leave with you? Describe the living and working conditions depicted in the video. Entertainment? Who was the “boss” what was his role?

Read “An Immigrant’s” Story Why do people migrate? Today? Why did people migrate in the 1800’s and early 1900’s in such big numbers? Are they the same reasons?

What is immigration? Immigration is the movement of people from Salad Bowl Theory Melting Pot Theory Immigration is the movement of people from one country or region to another in order to make a new home. Salad bowl/melting pot theories….

What is an immigrant? An immigrant is a person who moves from one country or region to another in order to make a new home. Push: Need to leave in order to survive. Pull: Attracted to new way of life. Students may want to share some personal stories Picture from: http://www.hmongstudies.org/HmongCulturalCenterESLProgramPhotos05.html

Immigration to the United States 1820-2000 This chart and table show the number of immigrants that came to the United States from 1820-2000. What three time periods experienced the highest number of immigrants? Source of data: Immigration and Naturalization Service, US Department of Justice

1820-1880 Main Sources of Immigration In this period of time almost 10.2 million immigrants came to the United States The main countries the immigrants came from were in Northern and Western Europe “Old Immigrants”                                                                                                                    

1820-1880 Main Sources of Immigration The three main countries that immigrants came from in 1820-1880 Germany 3.0 million Talk about push-pull factors… etc.

1820-1880 Main Sources of Immigration The three main countries that immigrants came from in 1820-1880 Ireland 2.8 million

1820-1880 Main Sources of Immigration The three main countries that immigrants came from in 1820-1880 United Kingdom 1.9 million

Main Sources of Immigration 1881-1920 In this period of time almost 23.5 million immigrants came to the United States The main countries the immigrants came from were in Southern and Eastern Europe New Immigrants

Main Sources of Immigration 1881-1920 Italy 4.0 million

Main Sources of Immigration 1881-1920 Austria Hungary 4.0 million (Austria and Hungary are now separate countries. The maps below show each of them) Austria Hungary

Main Sources of immigrants from in 1881-1920 Soviet Union 4.0 million The Union of the Soviet Social Social Republics (Soviet Union) was formed in 1917 and ended in 1991. The 15 states of the Soviet Union are now each their own country which are shown on this map. They are Russia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldava.

Foreign Born Population, Top Countries of Origin 1920 Source of data: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce

Foreign Born Population, Top Countries of Origin 1960 Source of data: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce

Foreign Born Population, Top Countries of Origin 2000 Source of data: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce

Ellis Island 1st View of America 6-Second Medical Exam Complete Medical Exams by 1917 Legal Inspection 1921-Visa and Literacy Test                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The first test the immigrants had to pass became known as the "six second medical exam." As the immigrants climbed the stairs to the Great Hall, doctors stood at the top and watched. They were looking for anyone having difficulty coming up the steps. If a medical problem or disability was suspected, one of seventeen different chalk marks was put on the person's clothing. They were then sent for a full physical examination. If they weren't marked, they went on to wait in the Great Hall. By 1917, complete medical exams were required for every immigrant. The main purpose of these exams was to find persons with contagious diseases or conditions that would make them unable to work. If their problem was curable, immigrants were sent to the island's hospital. If it was not, the steamship company that brought them would have to pay to send them back. After passing the medical exams, immigrants had to prove they could legally come into America. They had to prove their country of origin and where they expected to live and work once they entered the country. Inspectors rejected any immigrant with a criminal record or those suspected of being indentured servants. By 1921, immigrants had to pass a literacy test and show a passport and visa.

Problems of Urbanization Lack of Housing and open areas of land Lack of safe and efficient transportation Fire Hazards Crime Lack of Sanitation Water Lack of Housing-Construction of homes that took up less space, such as apartment buildings, row houses, and dumbbell tenements. Lack of safe and efficient transportation- Co9nstruction of mass-transit networks, based on such new forms of transportation as cable cars, electric streetcars, and electric subways. Fire Hazards- Full-time professional fire departments and the automatic fire sprinkler; replacement of many wooden buildings with structures made of brick, stone, and concrete. Crime- Full-time professional police departments. Sanitation-sewer lines and sanitation departments Water: Chlorination and filtration