Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype

Nucleic Acids Differences RNA Single strand Has Us Can leave the nucleus Ribose sugar DNA Double stranded helix Has Ts Stays only in the nucleus Deoxyribose sugar

3 types of RNA –Messenger RNA (mRNA)-is made by copying the DNA Takes strand message to ribosome –Transfer RNA (tRNA)- carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome from the cytoplasm –Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-makes up the ribosome

Transcription Where: Nucleus What: takes the DNA message and makes mRNA Why: DNA can’t leave the nucleus but the message must get to the ribosome You are now using U’s no T’s. RNA polymerase –Enzyme that brings in RNA nucleotides to match up with DNA

TRANSCRIBE THESE ON YOUR NOTEGUIDE. A T C A T T C G G G A T C C A T T A C G G G A UAGUAAGCCCUA GGUAAUGCCCU

SPLICING Before the mRNA can go to the ribosome, it needs to be spliced. –The junk (parts of the DNA that are noncoding regions) called introns need to be cut out. –Exons (coding regions) are then stuck together. This is the correct concise message.

Translation Where: ribosome What: tRNA brings in amino acids to the ribosome –tRNA anticodon: 3 bases that are complementary to mRNA All mRNA start with the codon AUG Protein Synthesis stops when a stop codon is reached.

What determines what amino acid is attached to the tRNA? Is it mRNA or tRNA? mRNA

Watch the animation. online.com/objects/index.asp?objID=AP1302

Does it matter what order the amino acids are in? The order of amino acids dictates the shape of the protein. The shape determines the function of the protein. Wrong order, wrong shape, no function port.com/ /lib/ /Animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long. swf

Write the anticodons for the codons A U G C A U U A G G C C A U C G A A U A C A G G A U UACGUAAUCCGGUA GCUUAUGUCCUA

Write the amino acid sequence from the mRNA sequence. A U G C A G C A U U A U A C C C G A A U A C A G G A U Methionine glutamine histidine tyrosine threonine Arginine isoleucine glutamine aspartic acid