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Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype

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Presentation on theme: "Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype"— Presentation transcript:

1 Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype

2 Nucleic Acids Differences
RNA DNA Single strand Has Us Can leave the nucleus Ribose sugar Double stranded helix Has Ts Stays only in the nucleus Deoxyribose sugar

3 3 types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)-is made by copying the DNA
Takes strand message to ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA)-carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome from the cytoplasm Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-makes up the ribosome

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6 Transcription Where: Nucleus
What: takes the DNA message and makes mRNA Why: DNA can’t leave the nucleus but the message must get to the ribosome You are now using U’s no T’s. RNA polymerase Enzyme that brings in RNA nucleotides to match up with DNA

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11 TRANSCRIBE THESE ON YOUR NOTEGUIDE.
A T C A T T C G G G A T C C A T T A C G G G A UAGUAAGCCCUA GGUAAUGCCCU

12 SPLICING Before the mRNA can go to the ribosome, it needs to be spliced. The junk (parts of the DNA that are noncoding regions) called introns need to be cut out. Exons (coding regions) are then stuck together. This is the correct concise message.

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14 Translation Where: ribosome
What: tRNA brings in amino acids to the ribosome tRNA anticodon: 3 bases that are complementary to mRNA All mRNA start with the codon AUG Protein Synthesis stops when a stop codon is reached.

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17 What determines what amino acid is attached to the tRNA?
Is it mRNA or tRNA? mRNA

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20 Watch the animation. http://www.wisc-
online.com/objects/index.asp?objID=AP1302

21 Does it matter what order the amino acids are in?
The order of amino acids dictates the shape of the protein. The shape determines the function of the protein. Wrong order, wrong shape, no function

22 Write the anticodons for the codons
A U G C A U U A G G C C A U C G A A U A C A G G A U UACGUAAUCCGGUA GCUUAUGUCCUA

23 Write the amino acid sequence from the mRNA sequence.
A U G C A G C A U U A U A C C C G A A U A C A G G A U Methionine glutamine histidine tyrosine threonine Arginine isoleucine glutamine aspartic acid


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