Nicholas Biddle President of the Bank of the United States

Reservations Eventually faced intrusion by white settlers

Tariff A fee paid by merchants who imported goods

John Quincy Adams House of Representatives selected him as president in 1824

mudslinging Attempt to ruin an opponent’s reputation with insults

Spoils system Practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

Nullification Act A law passed by South Carolina declaring tariffs illegal

Whigs New political party that influenced the election of 1836

Democratic-Republicans Favored states’ rights and limited central government

Worcester v. Georgia Ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee Nation

Presidential campaigns Transformed into slogans, rallies, buttons, and mudslinging by 1828

landslide Winning by a large margin

John Quincy Adams Favored a strong military and federal government direction of the economy

Trail of Tears Long, forced march of Cherokee from their homes to the west

Bank of the U.S. Held and controlled the money supply of the U.S.

Federal treasury Separated government finances from private banks

Osceola Led attacks by the Seminoles on U.S. forts

John C. Calhoun Believed states had the power to decide I federal laws were constitutional

“corrupt bargain” Made between Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams

Indian Removal Act Authorized the federal government to pay Native Americans to move west